homeostasis and response

homeostasis and response

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  • Created by: justicedd
  • Created on: 20-11-22 18:25
what is homeostasis?
is the regulation
of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum
conditions for function in response to internal and external changes
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why is homeostasis important?
maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body, as well as all cell functions.
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what is the purpose of receptors?
to detect stimulus
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what is the purpose of the coordination centre ?
organises response to stimulus
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what is the purpose of effectors?
produces a response and restores optimum level
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purpose of motor neurones
sends message from coordination centre to effector
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purpose of sensory neurones
carries information from the receptors to the coordination centre
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what is negative feedback?
a system that keeps your internal environment stable
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is the coordination centre and the central nervous system the same thing?
yes
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flow chart for the nervous system
stimulus
receptor
coordination centre
effector
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what does homeostasis control?
temperature
ph level
blood glucose
salt and water level
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optimum ph level for enzymes
ph 7
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what is a reflex action?
a rapid and automatic response of the body to a stimulus
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what is a synapse
the connection between two neurons
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why are reflex actions important?
reduce the chance of becoming injured
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how do your pupils react to a bright light
the pupils automatically get smaller so less light get into the eyes, decreasing the risk of damage to the eyes
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what hormone may your body release if you get shocked
adrenaline
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what are hormones
chemical molecules released directly into the blood
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do hormones affect all cells
no only target cells
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name two automatic control systems
hormonal
nervous
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what are the two effectors in humans
muscles
gland
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what do the two effectors do
muscles contract
glands secrete hormone
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where is the cns in vertebrates
brain
spinal cord
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how is the nerve signal transferred through the synapse
through chemicals which diffuse across the synapse
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what neurone connects the sensory and motor neurone in the reflex arc
relay neurone
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what drug increases reaction time
caffeine
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what factors affect reaction time
age
gender
drugs
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part 2
what are hormones
chemical messengers released into the blood
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do hormones affect all organs
no only target organs
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what type of cells do hormones control
cells that need regular adjustement
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are hormonal effects long or short lasting
long lasting
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what type of gland are hormones produced in and secreted by
endocrine glands
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purpose of pituitary gland
produces many hormones which regulate body conditions
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why is the pituitary gland called the master gland
the hormones it secretes effects other glands making them release a hormone bring around a change
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purpose of thyroid
release thyroxine which regulates the rate of metabolism, heart rate and body temperature
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purpose of adrenal gland
releases adrenaline which is involved in the bodies fight or flight response
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purpose of pancrease
produces insulin which regulates the blood glucose levels
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purpose of ovaries
produces oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle
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purpose of testes
produces testosterone which controls puberty
and sperm reproduction
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what is the similarities of nerves and hormones
both carry messages
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difference between nerves and hormones
nerves are fast acting unlike hormones
nerves are short lasting unlike hormones
nerves act on a precise area unlike hormones
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how would you send messages around the body if a lion was running towards you
through the nervous system because you need to react fast
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what can we eat to get glucose in our body
carbohydrates
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how does glucose get into the blood
through the gut
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how does are body normally removes glucose from the blood
through regular metabolism of cells
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how can we remove glucose from the blood rapidly
through vigorous exercise
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what is glucose stored as
glycogen
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where is glucogen stored
in the liver and muscles
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what is the name of the system which controls blood glucose levels
negative feedback
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how does are body respond when are blood glucose level is too high
the pancreas secrets insulin
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where does the glucose go after removed from the blood
moves to the liver and muscles
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where is glucose turned to glycogen
liver
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how does are body respond when are blood glucose level is to low
the pancrease releases glucagon which causes the liver to turn glycogen to glucose.
the glucose enters the blood
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what is type 1 diabetes
when the pancreas can not produce any insulin or little amounts of insulin
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why is type 1 diabetes dangerous
it can cause blood glucose levels to rise to a level that can kill them
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how can a person with type 1 diabetes manage there condition
taking regular injections on insulin
limiting intake of carbs
regularly exercising
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what is type 2 diabetes
when are body becomes resistant from the insulin it produces
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where is insulin produces
in the pancreas
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why is type 2 diabetes dangerous
it can allow blood glucose levels to rise to a level that is dangerously high
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risk factor of type 2 diabetes
overweightness
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how can type 2 diabetes be controlled
regular exercise
carb controlled diet
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name the 6 endocrine gland
pituitary gland
thyroid
adrenal gland
pancreas
ovaries
testes
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part 3
what does your body start releasing at puberty
sex hormones
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what do these sex hormones trigger at puberty
secondary sexual characteristics
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name some secondary sexual characteristics
men -facial hair
women-breast
eggs mature in women
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male reproductive hormone
testosterone
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female reproductive hormone
oestrogen
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what happens from day 1-4 in the menstrual cycle
lining of the uterus breaks down
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what happens from day 4-14 in the menstrual cycle
lining of uterus starts to build up again, into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels ready to receive an egg
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what happens on day 14 in the menstrual cycle
an egg starts to develop and is released from the ovary at day 14-ovulatiion
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what happens from day 14-28 in the menstrual cycle
the lining of the uterus in maintained, if no egg has landed by day 28 the cycle starts again
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name the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle
fsh
ostrogen
lh
progesterone
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fsh
where is it produces?
what does it do in the menstrual cycle?
.produces in pituitary gland
.causes an egg to mature in a ovary in a structure called follicle
.stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen
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oestrogen
where is it produced
what does it do in the menstrual cycle
produced in ovaries
.causes lining of the uterus to grow
.stimulates the release of lh
inhibits the release of fsh
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lh
what is it produced
what does it do in the menstrual cycle
.produced in pituitary gland
.stimulates the release of an egg(ovulation)
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progesterone
where is it produced
what is its role in the menstrual cycle
.produced in ovaries
.maintains lining of uterus
inhibits release of lh and fsh
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what happens when the level of progesterone fall in the uterus
lining of uterus breaks down
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what hormones can be taken as a form of contraception
oestrogen
progesterone
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how does oestrogen prevent pregnancy
inhibits the release of fsh, meaning egg development and production stops
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how does progesterone prevent pregnancy
stimulates the production of thick mucus which prevents sperm reaching the egg
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what does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain
oestrogen and progesterone
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how effects is the combined oral pill
99 percent effective
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what are the disadvantages of the combined contraceptive pill
can cause headaches and nausea
doesn't protect again sti
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why would people choose the progesterone only pill instead of the combined oral contraceptive pill
it is as effective and has fewer side effects
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what does a contractive implant do
it release a continuous amount of progesterone
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why may people choose the contraceptive implant as there form of contraception
its can last for 3 years
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how do barriers stop pregranancy
stopping sperm and egg meeting
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name two types of barriers
condoms
spermicide
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are barriers hormonal or non hormonal
non hormonal
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what form of contraception protects you against sti
condoms
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what does spermicide do
kills sperm
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how effective is spermicide
70-80 percent effective
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how does sterilisation work
involves cutting fallopian tube of a female or sperm duct of a male. this form of contraception in PERMANENT
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what is abstinence
avoiding sex to avoid pregnancy
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what hormones can be used to increase fertility
lh
fsh
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what is a pro of using hormones to increase fertility
allows women who could not get pregnant to get pregnant
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what are cons of using hormones to increase fertility
.does not always work
.many eggs can be stimulated resulting in twin, triplets, etc..
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explain how ivf allow couples to have a child
.eggs are collected from a females ovaries
.sperm of man is injected straight into women's eggs
.it is grown into little balls of cells
.fsh and lh is given to female
.ball of cells are transferred to woman's uterus
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what is the obvious benefit of ivf
allow infertile couples to have a child
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downsides of ivf
abdominal pain
vomiting
risk of miscarriage
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why are people against ivf
some unused eggs gets destroyed which could of been a potential human life
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how has technological advancement improved ivf
.time lapsing imaging allows us to monitor the growth of the embryo
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male gamete
sperm
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female gamete
ovary
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Card 2

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why is homeostasis important?

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maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body, as well as all cell functions.

Card 3

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what is the purpose of receptors?

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Card 4

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what is the purpose of the coordination centre ?

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Card 5

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what is the purpose of effectors?

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