Henry VIII - Wolsey's domestic reforms

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  • Created by: HarryS02
  • Created on: 31-05-20 10:15
What were the aims of Wolsey's domestic reforms?
Maintain law and order. Uphold power of the church and crown. Efficent tax collection for domestic and foreign policies.
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JUSTICE: What did Wolsey personally do to make sure he reformed the justice system?
saw many of the cases himself to make sure the trial and judgement was fair.
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JUSTICE: How did Wolsey reform the star chamber?
bought cases to the star chamber, heard 120/yr, aimed for poor victory over the wealthy
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JUSTICE: How did Wolsey reform the court of chancery?
540 cases/yr
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JUSTICE: What was civil law and how did Wolsey use it?
Civil law was progressive, based on natural justice
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JUSTICE: How did Wolsey use the Secular System?
Overturned common law decisions, abandoned cases that threatened his decisions, beat his opponents
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JUSTICE: How did Wolsey treat Amyus Paulet, whom he disliked?
summoned to the court everyday for 5 years and Wolsey never once turned up
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JUSTICE: How did Wolsey fail in reforming the justice system?
Failed in any lasting reform, star chamber back log, court was chaotic, could not hear all cases
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ENCLOSURE: How did Wolsey reform enclosure?
1517, Wolsey launched national enquiry into enclosure, took people to court who had to rebuild destroyed houses and return land for arable farming.
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ENCLOSURE: How many cases of enclosure did Wolsey have?
260 cases with 188 passed.
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ENCLOSURE: How did Wolsey fail to reform enclosure?
In the long term, enclosure continued, Wolsey became very unpopular with the wealthy.
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ENCLOSURE: What did the 1523 parliamentary session conclude?
forced Wolsey to stop all existing enclosure cases
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FINANCIAL: How did Wolsey implement subsidies?
subsidies replaced 15ths and 10ths. commissioners sent to localities, assessed wealth, brought in money, more than 15ths and 10ths.
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FINANCIAL: What was the success of subsidies between 1513 and 1529?
£325,000 in Parliamentary subsidies, £118,000 in 15ths and 10ths. £250,000 in loans
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FINANCIAL: Henry wanted war with France in 1523, how did Wolsey finance this?
Wolsey demanded £800,000 subsidy and £260,000 in loans. BUT he only got some of this, settled for much less than he needed.
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FINANCIAL: When was the amicable grant?
1525
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FINANCIAL: What was the amicable grant?
Forced, non-parliamentary tax for war vs France
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FINANCIAL: Why was there opposition to the amicable grant?
Non-parliamentary, came so soon after 1523 forced loans
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FINANCIAL: What were the outcomes of the amicable grant?
10,000 man rebellion, refusal to pay. Henry embarrassed, had to apologise for Wolsey, start of Wolsey's downfall
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FINANCIAL: Why did Wolsey want to reform crown lands?
Henry VII made £400,000 from corwn lands, Henry VIII made £25,000
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FINANCIAL: How did Wolsey look to reform crown land revenue?
1515 Act of Resumption
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FINANCIAL: What were the outcomes of Wolsey's financial reforms?
£322,000 in subsidies. £140,000 in clerical taxation. £260,000 in forced loans. BUT didn't cover Henry's £1.7million costs
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ADMINISTRATION: How did Wolsey limit the use of parliament?
Only called it in times of war to collect funds, usually excluded parliament to get his own way
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ADMINISTRATION: When were the Eltham ordinances?
1526
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ADMINISTRATION: What were the Eltham ordinances?
aimed to improve chaotic privy chamber, make king's household more efficient, limited access to henry to increase his own influence. Bed Chamber reduced from 12-6 men, most political ones removed
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ADMINISTRATION: Why did Wolsey want to reform the privy chamber?
Gentlemen of the privy chamber were young and ambitious, served Henry to further their careers, Wolsey saw them as opposition
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ADMINISTRATION: How did Wolsey reform the privy chamber?
1519, purge of the privy chamber, expelled the men and gave them different jobs
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RELIGIOUS: What was the Hunne affair?
Richard Hunne opposed mortuary fees, accused of treason, found dead awaiting trial, caused anti-clericalism
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RELIGIOUS: What was the Henry Standish affair?
Standish opposed benefit of the clergy, led to 1512 act restricting it
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RELIGIOUS: How did Wolsey benefit from giving himself religious positions?
Gained wealth from ecclesiastical exploitations, made himself papal legate, made probate courts to increase income. This increased jealousy and resentment
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RELIGIOUS: How did Wolsey reform the monasteries?
Initiated visitations, discovered Monks and Abbotts not conforming, some replaced. Appointed 13 new escopal sees to bring dioceses in line with population change. Dissolved monasteries to pay for Oxford colleges BUT just to improve his reputation
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RELIGIOUS: What was the problem with pluralism, nepotism and absenteeism?
Wolsey performed all of these, criticised. Held Bishoprics in plurality, never visited York until his fall despite being the Archbishop of York. Wolsey clearly exploited the church to gain power
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RELIGIOUS Did Wolsey support the Pope or the King?
Wolsey heavily taxed clergy, didnt pay subsidy to Rome, Henry expected Wolsey to solve great matter, Wolsey supported Henry VIII over the Pope
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Card 2

Front

JUSTICE: What did Wolsey personally do to make sure he reformed the justice system?

Back

saw many of the cases himself to make sure the trial and judgement was fair.

Card 3

Front

JUSTICE: How did Wolsey reform the star chamber?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

JUSTICE: How did Wolsey reform the court of chancery?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

JUSTICE: What was civil law and how did Wolsey use it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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