Head and neck anatomy

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What is the vestibule
The space between the teeth and the mucosal inner lining of cheecks and lips
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What is the oral cavity proper
The space between the upper and lower dental arches. Filled by the tongue
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What seperates the anterior 2/3rd and posterior third of the tongue
Vallate papilla
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What is the role of the linguinal frenulum
Attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth for mastication
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What bones form the roof of the mouth
The maxilla and the palatine bones
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The maxilla and the mandible with their dental arches form
The anterior boundary
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The posterior walls and the floor are formed by
Soft tissues (flooor of the mouth, muscous membrane and muscle) posterior walls = soft tissue
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The maxilla forms the anterior two thirds of the roof, what forms the remaining
The palatine bone and then attached to it the soft palatte
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What muscles raise the palate to close off the nasal cavity during swallowing
The levator palati and tensor palati
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What two muscles pull down the palate to shut off the back of the mouth when swallowing
Palatopharyngeas and palatoglossus
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What is the name of the muscular folds that surround the mouth
Orbicularis oris
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What is the transitional zone?
The gap between the skin on the external surface of the orbicularis oris and the internal muscous membrane (contains no glands)
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Buccinator's roles?
To push the cheeck towards the teeth during mastication.
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What nerve supplies the buccinator
CNVII
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What are the three contents of the oral cavity
Teeth, tongue and salivary glands
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The mucous membrane of the roof is supplied by what nerve
Maxillary nerve CNV2
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Lateral walls and floors are supplied by what nerve
Mandibular division, lingual branch
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Muscles in the lateral walls are supplied by what nerve
CNVII
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Genohyoid is supplied by
fibres from C1
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Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
Mandibular V3
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Teeth are supplied by
Alveolar branches of V2 (upper teeth) and V3 (lower teeth)
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Posterior third of the tongue lies in
The oropharynx
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What are the overall functions of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Intrinsic to change the shape, extrinsic to change the position
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Extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their nerve innervations
Palatoglottus (X), styloglossus (XII) Hyoglossus (XII) genioglossus (XII)
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what are the three pairs of large salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, submucosal
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Features of the parotid gland
enters mouth near upper 2nd molar, serous secretion
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Submandibular
(Serous and mucous) enters the floor of mouth
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Sublingual
16-20 short ducts that open in the floor of mouth. mucus
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What is the importance of minor salivary glands
maintaining oral hygiene
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The lingual artery is behind what and a branch of what artery
Behind digastric muscle and XII, branch of the external carotid
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The posterior lingual vein drains what aspect of the tongue and join onto what vein
Drain the dorsum and sides of the tongue, join the linguinal vein and near great cornu of hyoid join int. jugular
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The deep linguinal vein features
Start nears the tip of the tongue and runs backwards on the infeior surface, near the border of hyloglossus it joins the sublingual vein (along the course of CNXII) and joins the facial vein
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What between the cervical vertebrae allows the necks flexibility
their facet joints
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What muscles from the posterior and lateral walls of the neck
Trapezius and SCM
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What lies on the lateral sides of the trachea
The thyroid gland
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As their is no body on C1 what structure is weight transmitted through
The occipital condyles
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What two muscles are ensheathed in the deep fascia
The trapezius and SCM
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What does the deep fascia inferiorly attach to
Spine and acromion of the scapula, calvicle and manubrium of the sterni each side.
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What does the deep fascia superiorly attach to
external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and mastoid process
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At what point does the deep fascia split to enclose the parotid gland
Between the mastoid process and ramus of the mandible
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What is a tough membrane covering the anterior aspect of the flexor muscles
Prevertebral fascia
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Where does the prevertebral fascia originate and insert
Base of the skull to the body of T3. Laterally passes infront of the scalenes and becomes a continous with extensor vertebral muscles
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Pretracheal fascia
delicate and surrounds the thyroid gland (encases trachea, oesophagus)
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Trapezius muscle
Base of skull -> vertbrae, down the vertebrae. Shrugs shoulder and upper limb. XI
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SCM
contracts - bring mastoid closer to sternum. Lateral flexion, flex and extension of neck. XI
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What are the two neck triangles
Anterior and posterior
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Posterior triangle is bounded by
Posterior border of the SCM, anterior border of the trapezius, inferior = middle third of clavile, floor = prevertebral fascia
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What contents are there in the posterior triangle
XI nerve, 4 superficial branches of the cervical plexus, external JV
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Borders of the anterior triangle
Superior border = inf. border manidble, lateral = medial border SCM, medial border = imaginary sagital line
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nerves and muscles of the anterior triangle
muscles group according to position, supra hyoid and infrahyoid. Contain parts of the cervical plexus, and vagus and hypoglossal nerves
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Arteries of the anterior triangle
common carotid arising from brachiocephalic, at level of hyoid bone divides into external and internal carotid. Common carotid is in the carotid sheath. Int.C continues in sheath, to cranial base. Ext.C series of branches to H&N
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Veins of the anterior triangle
Int.JV, travels in carotid sheath, Ant.JV drain anterior regions of the neck and drain into ext.JV
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How many cervical spinal nerves are there>
8
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Postirior branches of cervical spinal nerves supply what~?
extensor muscles and vertebral column (except C1) supply skin of posterior parts of scalp and neck
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The anterior rami from the cervical plexus form what?
The brachial plexuses
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What C nerves make up the Cervical plexus
C1-4 - Supply the muscles and cutaneous region of the neck. Form phrenic nerve. divided into superficial and deep groups
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The superficical groups of the C plexus supply
Skin, anterior and lateral parts of the neck
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Deep groups of C plexus supply
the muscles
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Branches of the C plexus
Lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse, supraclavicular
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Brachial plexus is formed by what anterior rami and what does it innervate
C5-8 + T1, innervates the upper limb, skin and muscle
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Contents of the carotid sheath
Int. JV, common carotid, vagus N.
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What are the singular bones of the neurocranium
Frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, occipital
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What are the paired bones of the neurocranium
temporal and parietal
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Singular bones of the viscerocranium
mandible, vomer
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paired bones of the viscerocranium
maxillae, inf. nasal chonchae, zygomatic, palantine, nasal and lacrimal
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What are the three types of suture
coronal, sagital, lamboid
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What are the names of the cranial fossa's
Anterior middle and superior
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What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa
frontal, ethmoidal , lesser wing of sphenoid
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What bones make up the mddle cranial fossa
greater wing of sphenoid (and sinus) petrous part of temporal bone
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Posterior cranial fossa made of what bones
temporal and occipital
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what are the four nasal sinus'
Frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, maxillary
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What comes through the cribiform plate
Olfactory nerve and meninges
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What comes through the optic foramen
CNII
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What comes through the superior orbital fissure
CNIII, IV, V1, VI and ophalmic veins
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What comes through the f. rotundum
V2
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What comes through the f. ovale
V3
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What comes through the f. spinosum
middle menengial artery
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What comes through the f. lacerum
crossed by internal carotid artery
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What comes through the carotid canal
internal carotid artery
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What comes through the internal acoustic meatus
VII, VIII and labyrinthine artery
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What comes through the Jugular foramen
IX,X and XI, inf. parrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus
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What comes through the Hyperglossal f.
XII
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the oral cavity proper

Back

The space between the upper and lower dental arches. Filled by the tongue

Card 3

Front

What seperates the anterior 2/3rd and posterior third of the tongue

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the role of the linguinal frenulum

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What bones form the roof of the mouth

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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