Germany 1890-1932 Slip Test

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When did Germany become a unified country?
1871
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What year did Wilhelm become Kaiser?
1888
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Why did Growth of Parliamentary Government make it difficult for Kaiser?
needed Reichstag support but SPD disagreed often causing legislative delays and amendments, influencing public opinion
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Why did Prussian Militarism make it difficult for Kaiser?
Kaiser wanted militarism so allowed Prussian generals to take over country, Reichstag wouldn't approve such military spending
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Why did The Navy Laws make it difficult for Kaiser?
Wanted Navy to increase empire and industry but SPD disliked expenses, Army thought Navy grew at expense of them
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Why did Industrialisation make it difficult for Kaiser?
created poor living and working conditions, encouraged working-class interest in politics so SPD grew
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Why did Socialism make it difficult for Kaiser?
SPD could oppose current society
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What caused growth of industry in Weimar?
rapid population increase
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What was industry like in 1914?
coal production rivalled Britain, iron and steel production better, better than Europe for electrical goods
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How did increasing coal, iron, and steel industry help Germany?
helped build and fuel railways, trains and ships so communications bettered
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What percent of Germany lived in urban areas in 1910?
60%
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How did industrialisation negatively impact Germany?
urban growth increased disease and worsened conditions, less agriculture meant more imports (expensive), immigration caused more anti-semitism
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What was the social reform of 1890?
old-age pensions were introduced and low-wage benefits improved
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What was the social reform of 1891?
under 13s not employed, women no more than 11hrs work daily, businesses closed on Sunday
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What was the social reform of 1900?
industrial courts (settled disputes between employers and workers) made compulsory in towns >20,000
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How was Chancellor Caprivi involved in social reforms?
suggested most of them but sacked 1894 as Kaiser thought he was too Socialist
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Why were Navy Laws introduced by the Kaiser?
increase industry, protect Germany's empire, make Germany a symbol of power, rival the Royal Navy (Britain)
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What was the first Navy Law (1898)?
7 more battleships so 19 total
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What was the second Navy Law (1900)?
double number of battleships to 38
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What was the Navy Law in 1908?
approved 21 dreadnoughts
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Why was the Navy League important?
its 200,000 followers helped Navy Laws pass through Reichstag, increased Militarism
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What was War Weariness like in German Civilians?
food shortages, exhausted with long working hours, thousands killed
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What caused Kaiser's forced abdication (1919)?
army and navy disillusioned in 1918 after many battles lost, Sailors had a mutiny in October 1918, Kaiser abdicated
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How did the national income change after the war?
decreased by 2/3
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What economic problems were there in Germany after the war?
Royal Navy blockades caused food shortages and malnourishment, need for war pensions increased
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What was industry like after the war?
decreased by 1/3
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Who were the Spartacists?
left-wing socialists with Soviet backing, led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht
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Who were the Freikorps?
right-wing ex soldiers who kept their weapons, 250,000 men in March 1919, organised by army
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What was the Spartacist revolt? (January 1919)
January 1919, Spartacists attempted newspaper takeover and tried to organise strike, Freikorps stopped them
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What was the Kapp Putsch? (March 1920)
March 1920, Freikorps feared unemployment so marched Berlin, Wolfgang Kapp in charge of rebels fled, government organised national strike so Kapp fled Germany and Weimar ministers returned
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What happened in the invasion of the Ruhr? (January 1923)
Germany unable to pay ToV reparations, French and Belgian troops invaded Ruhr, Ruhr striked (80% goods produced there)
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How did the invasion of the Ruhr lead to hyperinflation?
government printed money to pay striking workers in Ruhr
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What were the negative effects of hyperinflation?
savings worthless (middle class most affected), essentials too expensive, people blamed Weimar government
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What were the positive effects of hyperinflation?
farmers got paid more for food, rent cheap for tourists, loans could be paid off easily
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What led to the Munich Putsch by Hitler and the Nazis?
economic crisis 1923, success of Mussolini's fascist party 1922
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What was the Munich Putsch? (November 1923)
after holding government leaders at gunpoint to support him, 9th November 1923 Hitler + 1000 SA + 2000 supporters marched Munich to declare Hitler leader, Hitler arrested from hiding 11th November
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How did the Munich Putsch aid the Nazi Party?
Hitler wrote 'Mein Kampf' in prison which preached his views, made Hitler realise new tactic of support needed to win election
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What led to the Golden years? (1924-1929)
Stresemann introduced new currency (rentenmark) with value tied to price of gold, signed Young Plan to reduce reparations to £2 billion, signed Dawes plan so US banks would loan to Germany again
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What evidence was there of the Golden years?
industry doubled by 1928, Bauhaus school challenged art, generous pension and unemployment schemes introduced 1927
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What led to the Depression in Germany?
Wall street crash (29th October 1929) meant American companies needed loans back from Germany
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How did the Depression impact German businesses?
had to pay back loans, taxes increased, no more US investment
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How did the Depression impact German Government?
government workers lost jobs, had to increase taxes, no money coming from US
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How did the Depression impact German People?
millions of workers lost jobs, taxes and unemployment caused poverty
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How did the Depression lead to support for Extremist Parties?
democracy seemed to be failing as Reichstag found it hard to make decisions, extremist parties directly offered work and food to starving people
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What year did Wilhelm become Kaiser?

Back

1888

Card 3

Front

Why did Growth of Parliamentary Government make it difficult for Kaiser?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why did Prussian Militarism make it difficult for Kaiser?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why did The Navy Laws make it difficult for Kaiser?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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