Geography- Urban environments

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Describe land use in the Birmingham CBD.
Mainly commercial with there being a plethora of office buildings. There s a small amount of residental land use with there being hotels and apartmetnts such as the rotunda.
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Describe the land use in the inner city of Birmingham (Aston)
Residental as there are terraced houses and quite a few appartment blocks. There is still sone industrial but not as much as there use to be.
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Describe the land use in the inner suburbs of Birmingham (Erdington)
Mainly residental with there being semi-detached houses. There are quite a lot of schools in this area and more open green areas (e.g. sutton park)
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Describe the land use in the outer suburbs of Birmingham (Sutton Coldfield)
Lots of open green spaces. Big supermarkets as land is cheaper. Lots of indutrial trade parks. Houses are generally new and detached. High socio-economic groups are located here.
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What is a household?
A person living alone or, two or more people living at the same address.
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What is a brownfield site?
Land that has been built on before and is cleared and reused. These sites are often in the inner city
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What is a greenfield site?
Land that has not been built on before. Thee are on the rural urban fringe.
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What are some advantages of brownfield sites?
Prevents urban sprawl. Houses are in a well connected area. Saves resources as resuing buildings (e.g. rotunda). Lots of services and infrastructure already in place.
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What sre some disadvantages of brownfield sites?
Land is expensive = properties are expensive. Lack of green space. Certain target audience, not sutiable for children
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What are some advantages of greenfield sites?
New sites do not need clearing first. No restrictions on existing road networks. More spaces for gardens. Land is cheap. More pleasant environment.
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What are some disadvantages of brownfield sites?
Can lead to urban sprawl. Fields being built on can effect current ecosystem. Animal habitats are destroyed. High house prices which exclude younger people. Visual pollution can cause existing properties price to fall
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What are some transport problems facing Birmingham?
Limited parking, Road rage. Congestion. Longer journey times. Potholes and roadworks.
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What some solutions to these transport problems in Birmingham?
Promoting electric cars. Improving train and tram systems. Driver awareness courses.
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Why do people from similar ethnic backgrounds live together?
People prefer to live near others who speak the same language and background. People often live next to places important to their culture. People often live where the housing is cheap and so in the same area
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How is the Aston pride scheme dealing with problems in aston?
£8 million new community health centre. £54 million for deals with communities. 3000 people attended community festival. 2500 computer given away to families to help improve education.
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What are some problems facing inner city areas like Aston?
High unemployment- 11%. lack of good quality housing- 24%. Long term illnesses-41%. Low educational standards- 14% have 5 or more A*- C.
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Why has the inner city declined?
Globalisation means that industry has moved around the world. Factories have relocated (e.g. Hp to Holland). High unemployment means people have less disposable income meaning less money is spent in local economy. Many jobs are low skill = low paid.
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What are some problems in Kibera?
Marshy land which is hard to build on. Lots of crime. Lack of clean water/electricity = disease such as malaria, cholera and diarrhoea. No sanitation- Flying toilets. High DR and IMR. Low LE. Little waste disposal.
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What are some facts and statistics about Kibera?
800,000- 1 million people live there. Over 100,000 orphans. People have 1m^2 of floor space each on average. People earn under $1 on average.
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What are some solutions to the problems in Kibera?
Clearance of slums. Site and service schemes- low cost improvements. Medical facilities provided by charities. Gap students encouraged to do voluntary work, tower block housing developments.
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What are some problems due to rapid urbanisation in poorer parts of the world?
Water pollution, Waste pollution, Electronic waste and Environmental disasters
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What are some problems the Ganges River has due to water pollution?
It contains untreated sewage, cremated remains, Chemicals and disease. Cows wade in the rivers that people drink from and wash their clothes in
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What are some problems with electronic waste in India?
Over 4.5 million new computers a year. When computers are crushed, burnt or boiled to extract Gold or platinum toxic chemicals such as Cadmium or lead can lead to health risks.
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What are some problems with waste pollution in shanghai?
30,000 tonnes of waste per day. 73% of electricity is made through coal power stations.
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What are some problems with waste pollution in Sao Paulo?
Because there are only two main incinerators there is a lot of rubbish which means adults and children scavenge through the rubbish.
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What happened in the Bhopal disaster?`
On Monday December 3rd A U.S corporation run plant released 27 tonnes of MIC vapour which left 3800 people dead and 11,000 severely injured and caused an $470 million settlement for the Indian government.`
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Why was the Bhopal disaster so bad?
Lack of safety measures. Scrubber and Flare not working. Plant had a poor design. Plant was located near residential areas. Has a large store of MIC and had been on standby fro one month.
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How is the problem of water pollution being reduced in the Ganges river?
In 986, the Ganga action plan sought to introduce water treatment plants which worked succesfully.
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How is the problem of water pollution being tackled in Shanghai?
The world bank granted $200 million in 2002 to help improve the water quality of the Huangpu and Suzhou rivers.
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In general how is the problem of Air pollution being tackled in China?
Carbon tax brought in on coal power stations. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide filters. Low-Sulphur coal used.
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Give some facts about waste disposal in Dharavi (Mumbai) in India.
80% of plastic waste is recycled. 1 million rubbish bags per day used. People earn 100-200 rupees a day.
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What is a rag-picker?
Someone who picks through rubbish to make money.
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In Shanghai how is waste disposal being improved?
An effective solid waste disposal unit has been installed in most houses and is used for fertiliser in rural areas.
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In India how is e-waste and waste being dealt with?
Large companies are being made responsible for disposing of e-waste. Law enforcement also make sure it is disposed of properly.
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How are the parks in Curbita sustainable?
28 riverside parks with 100 miles pf city trails which link up and people can use to move through e.g. cycling. Creates 'incity shepherds' which use sheep to cut the grass.
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How are the public transport systems in Curitiba sustainable?
less cars = less CO2. Bus lanes only with triple articulated buses which are redesigned being quicker so more people use them.
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Give some facts about the bus system in Curitiba
2 million passengers a day. Bus arrives every 60 seconds. 100/200 times cheaper than the subway. Bus service pays for itself
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Why are the pedestrianised streets in Curitiba sustainable?
Less cars = less CO2. preserves buildings which saves resources.
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Give examples of Birmingham being sustainable by conserving the historic environment.
Mailbox and Rotunda being re-used saves resources. Ozeil street school in Brindley place became an Art gallery.
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Give examples of Birmingham being sustainable by conserving the natural environment.
Green belt around Birmingham which is very hard to build on. Brownfield sites stop urban sprawl. Sutton park- one of biggest urban parks in Europe which is not aloud to be built on.
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Give examples of Birmingham being sustainable by providing an efficient transport system.
New tram and overground trains reduce CO2 emissions. Bus arrives every 6 minutes and train every 10
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Give examples of Birmingham being sustainable by reducing the amount of waste and safely disposing of it.
Wheely bins that get sent directly to Recycling Centre. Recycling bins and energy from waste by burning it.
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What is Large scale Housing developments?
When squatters are knocked down and replaced by apartment blocks.
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What are some advantages of Large scale Housing developments?
Good standard of living as there is electricity, clean water etc. Saves space. Gets rid of visual pollution
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What are some disadvantages of Large scale Housing developments
Where do residents live whilst it is being built? Long time to build. Less community spirit. Can fall into a state of disrepair.
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What are Low cost improvements?
Existing homes are renovated or improved.
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What are some advantages of Low cost improvements?
Breeze blocks are cheap and easy to use. Water bank on roof collects clean drinking water. Cheap rent
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What are some disadvantages of low cost improvements?
Still have to pay rent. As uses foundations of older house floor space is limited. Rainwater is unreliable. Foundations not stable.
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What are self help schemes?
Authorities supply equipment and materials and local community build all of their houes.
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What are some advantages of self help schemes?
Done in stages so all finished together. Can create community spirit. Low cost.
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What are some disadvantages of self help schemes?
Takes long time to build and no-where for workers to live meanwhile. Success depends on skill and motivation of local people. Need expert guidance.
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What is intermediate Technology?
Helps people around the world develop tools and skills and methods which are appropriate to their local community.
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What are some advantages of intermediate Technology?
Better technology prevents health hazards. Scheme helps people control their own lives. Adds to local knowledge helping people become more independent and self-sufficient
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What are some disadvantages of intermediate Technology?
Long labour intensive process. Fairly basic tech so doesn't have a massive positive impact.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the land use in the inner city of Birmingham (Aston)

Back

Residental as there are terraced houses and quite a few appartment blocks. There is still sone industrial but not as much as there use to be.

Card 3

Front

Describe the land use in the inner suburbs of Birmingham (Erdington)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the land use in the outer suburbs of Birmingham (Sutton Coldfield)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a household?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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