Geography Globalisation

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What is globalisation?
The process of the world becoming more interconnected through trade and communication
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How has ICT and Transport help globalisation?
Faster to communicate, do trade quickly with businesses abroad, flights are easier, easier to get supplies from all over the world
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What is a TNC?
Companies that produce, sell or are located in more than one country
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Why are TNCs normally located in LEDCs?
Labour is cheaper so they make more profit
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What are the advantages of TNCs?
Create jobs, more reliable income for poorer people, improve local infrastructure, new tech and skills brought to country
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What are the disadvantages of TNCs?
Lower wages, longer hours, profits go back to headquarters, jobs aren't secure
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Name a TNC
Wal-Mart
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When did Wal-Mart open and where is it located?
1962, USA Mexico China Japan Brazil Canada UK
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What are the advantages of Wal-Mart?
Creates jobs (2 million), farmers supply goods, offer more skilled jobs, donates lots of money to countries where it is based, sustainable development eg solar panels on stores in Puerto Rico
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What are the disadvantages of Wal-Mart?
Long working hours, not all workers are payed the same wages, can cause smaller/independent shops to shut, building stores ruins environment
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What are NICs?
Countries that are converting from the agriculture industry to manufacturing industries
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Why do TNCs manufacture in NICs?
Cheap labour, long working hours, not allowed to strike, tax free zones, less strict health and safety
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What is deindustrialisation?
Richer countries move from the manufacturing industry to service industry
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What causes deindustrialisation?
Manufacturers move abroad or close down
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Why is China one of the world's fastest growing industrial countries?
Industrialisation, more TNCs, same reasons as NICs
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Why is the global demand for energy increasing?
Advances in technology and a growing population
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What are the social and economical impacts of producing more energy?
More power plants so people have to move, nuclear waste, jobs, countries with lots of energy become richer
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What are the environmental impacts of producing more energy?
Buring fossil fuels adds to global warming, acid rain, deforestation, mining causes air and water pollution, risk of oil spills
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Why has food production become globalised?
Demand for seasonal and cultural food all year round, increase in world population, some countries can't grow enough so have to import
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What are the social and economical impacts of globalisation of food supply?
Farmers are switching from subsistence farming to commercial, farmers make less money if food prices go down, fertilizer is expensive so farmers get in debt
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What are the environmental and political impacts of globalisation of food supply?
Transporting food produces CO2, large carbon footprint, high food miles, marginal land used, lots of water needed, arguments between countries over water
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What is a sustainable way to reach energy demands?
Renewable energy
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Name 4 renewable energy resources
Wind, Biomass, Solar, HEP
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How many wind farms does Spain have and how much of it's power do they produce?
400 wind farms, 11.5% of Spain's energy came from wind
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What are the positive impacts of wind energy in Spain?
Cut CO2 emissions by 20 million tonnes, saved Spain £1.2 billion due to not importing oil, creates jobs
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What are the negative impacts of wind energy in Spain?
Danger to migrating birds, ugly, noisy
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How did the Kyoto Protocol aim to reduce CO2 emissions?
International agreement to reduce CO2 emissions in every country by 12.5%
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What is the carbon credits trading scheme?
Countries that come under CO2 emission goal can sell carbon credits to other countries, countries can earn credits by helping poorer countries cut emissions
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What other ways can people reduce their own CO2 emissions?
Reduce Reuse Recycle, buying locally produced products
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How has ICT and Transport help globalisation?

Back

Faster to communicate, do trade quickly with businesses abroad, flights are easier, easier to get supplies from all over the world

Card 3

Front

What is a TNC?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why are TNCs normally located in LEDCs?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the advantages of TNCs?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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