geography 7 - social development issues

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HOW IS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MEASURED?
GENDER DEVELOPMENT INDEX-male vs female literacy rates, food consumption, employment type and rate, life expectancy. HEALTH-life expectancy, infant mortality rates
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
calculated from : average length of schooling, literacy rates, GNI per capita, life expectancy
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT BIRTH RATES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOUTH ASIA
INCREASE-large families in culture, girls marry early-more fertile years, high infant mortality rates encourage.DECREASE-recent marrying later-reducing fertile years, women more focused on career than family, high cost of living. birth control
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEATH RATES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOITH ASIA
INCREASE-hIV,ebola and other diseases cause death. ageing populations due to younger migrating. DECREASE-better healthcare, vaccinations, education on health, water supplies cleaner.
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CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR
POVERTY-children expected to support their family income. UNEMPLOYED PARENTS. CHILDREN TRAPPED IN SLAVERY,TRAFFICKING. LACK OF ACCESS TO EDUCATION.
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CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD LABOUR
DAMAGING CHILDRENS HEALTH. DEPRIVED OF EDUCATION. GROWTH DEFICIENCY. 22,000 DIE IN WORK RELATED ACCIDENTS YEARLY.
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HOW CHILD LABOUR ISSUES ARE TACKLED AT A LOCAL SCALE
INDIA-in 2010 4.9 million in child labour.due to poor quality of schools and infrastructure, attitude to women. consequences are infant mortally and low qol. SOLUTIONS- Empowering communities. Locating new schools. Child labour protection act 1986.
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HOW CHILD LABOUR ISSUES ARE TACKLED AT A GLOBAL SCALE
International Labour Organisation-collects data to set targets such as "improving access to education fro all children" and "creating more trade unions". The UN aim to release an international agreement on child labour. Charities such as Child Hope
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EXAMPLE OF CHALLENGES IN REDUCING CHILD LABOUR
Though progress is being made, it is not always evenly spread, with some communities tackling the issue better due to certain regions having more government funding and support. Also, boys tend to be the first to escape the cycle due to sexism
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REAOSNS FOR INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS
ECONOMIC migrants. many flee from CONFLICT, PERSECUTION, NATURAL DISASTER.
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EXAMPLE OF A COUNTRY DEALING WITH REFUGEES
LEBANON- small Mediterranean country of 4.4million which borders Isreal and Syria. Receives migrants fleeing from Syrian war. population grown by 25%. Pressure on infrastructure, healthcare,education,housing. asked for aid. limited access to water.
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HOW IS THE ISSUE OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS BEING TACKLED BY NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS?
Germanu and Sweden welcome them into their countries an d help them integrate. SCHENGEN AGREEMENT-enables passport free movement between countries that signed-some countries not signing led to illegal routes and slum
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REASONS FOR HIGH INFANT MORTALITY RATES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA?
NEONATAL INFECTIONS-hgih rate of infection from child birth. 10% OF DEATHS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CAUSED BY DIARRHEOA. LACK OF SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS. LACK OF VACCINATIONS AND MOSQUITO NETS.
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CHALLENGES OF MALARIA
Spread through Mosquitoes. in 2015 estimated 214million malaria cases and 438,000 malaria deaths - majority in African countries
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EXAMPLE OF A COUNTRY FACING THE IMPACT OF MALARIA
MALAWI-land locked country Sub-Saharan Africa. Population 16.8milllion.lake ⅓ of area-highest rates around river-warm,stagnant water. Rural areas. Mosquitoes becoming resistant to insecticides. PLAN-Increase use of £3 nets.Acces treatment
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CHALLENGES OF HIV
By the end of 2014, 36.9million affected by HIV/AIDS-2.6million of these children. In Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 71% of all deaths.
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EXAMPLE OF A COUNTRY FACING THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS
MALAWI-avergae life expectancy of 50 years. poverty of familys too ill to work.Development limited due to less taxes. Children drop out. PLAN-texting and counselling.investements into preventing childbirth conception. condoms. ART medicine.
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INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO MALARIA/HIV
Encouraging research into a vaccine. Improvements into availability of contraception, education and availability of medication which prevents the virus developing into AIDS
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TOP-DOWN VS BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT
TOP-DOWN
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HOW IS PROGRESS BEING MADE/MEASURED?
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)

Back

calculated from : average length of schooling, literacy rates, GNI per capita, life expectancy

Card 3

Front

FACTORS THAT AFFECT BIRTH RATES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOUTH ASIA

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

FACTORS THAT AFFECT DEATH RATES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA AND SOITH ASIA

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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