geography a

INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AID

has been recognised as the way to help developing countries grow out of poverty. Rich nations give millions of dollars each year and aim for a target of 0.1% of thier gross national income

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OFFICIAL AID

This is when the donor country uses money raised by taxes to give to the government of another country. The recipient govermnet administers the aid.

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VOLUNTARY AID

this is money raised from the general public in richer countries by voluntary organistaioons, eg money is given to LEDC and is usually for a specific project with no ties attached. CASE STUDY OXFAM "BEAT THE DROUGHT" CAMPAIGN FOR KENYA , SUDAN,

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BILATERAL AID

this is when the donor country gives aid to the recipient country with conditions attached eg the recipient counntry may have to buy goods and services from the country giving the money. CASE STUDY: UK GAVE MOENY TO EGYPT TO BULD THE ASWAM DAM

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MULTI LATERAL

Multi lateral aid is where richer governmnets give money to an international organisation such as the world bank which then redistributes the moeny to LEDC. CASE STUDY: AID FOR THE ASISAN TSUNAMI SUFFERS FROM THEUK GORVERMENT WENT TO THE UN DISATER

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INDIA

India is located in South Asia. Most of India is a peninsula whuch gets narrower toawards the south. India hass a coastline of around 7500 km alomg the bay of bengal to the east and the arabian sea

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CORE

High foreign direct development. High employment wages. High levels of communications and tech

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PERIPHERY

lack of investment. Net migration loss.

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THESE ARE 2 ECONOMIC CORE REGIONS IN INDIA

A group of 4 states in the NW. A line of states in the west and south

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CORE IN INDIA 1

Much money is being invested in the area to improve transport and communications. This makes it easier to transport goods and information goods and information and will lead to further economic growth eg $100bn project delhi mumbai

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CORE IN INDIA 2

Gurjarat and Maharashashtra are located on the west coast of India. This means its easy to export goods and sell them around the world. The area is richer because it will provide secondary jobs which are better paid jobs

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CORE IN INDIA 3

Mumbai has attached a range of profitable economic activities such as chemicals caar production and electronics and ICT. This will increase pay and create jobs

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PERIPHERY IN INDIA 1

Some states in the periphery have poor physical conditions for example Uttar Pradesh in the north of the mountains. This means it is inacessable to reach and grow grops

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PERIPHERY IN INDIA 2

Bihar, in the periphery is the most densly populates stae in India with over 100 million people. This will make them poor because there are more people meaning less jobs

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PERIPHERY IN INIDA 3

Over 80% of the population in Bihar live in the country side and are employed in agricultual. This will mean theyre poor because it is a low payment job

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PRIMARY JOBS

these indistry extract raw materials directly from the earth or the sea

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SECONDARY JOBS

these industries and manufacture products from raw materials

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TERTIARY JOBS

These industry provide a service

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TRADE IN INDIA

IN THE EARLY 1990S ECONOMIC REFROM MEANT THAT MANY OF THESE BARRIES WERE REMOVED. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS HAVE BOTH IMMPROVED AS A RESULT MEANING INDIA CAN MAKE MORE MONEY AND DEVELOP

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AID IN INDIA

India has historically recieved a lot of foreign aid. However the amount has declained rapidly recently as India has developed. In 2014 India gave $1.3 billion in aid to other countries

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FDI IN INDIA

This has been one of the major factors in the development of India. FDI almost doubled from 2007 $34,400 million n 2014.

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PUBLIC INVESTMENT

Ths is the money that a goverment spends on public services suach as education, housing and health. This invesxtment is essential to social amd economic development. EG if the gobernment invests in education, they will produce a skilled workforce.

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS

The shape of a population pyramid can tell us lots about a population, it can giveus information about birth and death rates as well as llife expectancy

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS

It can also tell us about how many dependents there are, these people who rely on the economically active for support

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POPULATION PYRAMIDS

dependents can be young people (under 15) or elderly people over the age of 65 dependents rely of the economically active for sociaal and financial support

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DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES ON INDIA BIRTH RATE INDIA

Birth rate fallen from 45/1000 between 1951 and 1961 to 21/1000 in2015. This is because women are more educated especially in urban areas. More contraception is availale

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INFANT MORTALITY RATES FALL INDIA

In the 1970's the infant mortality rate was 135/1000 it is now 42/1000. The government has invested more money in safe water supplies and building morehospitals providing better living conditions and health care provisions

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LIFE EXPECTANCY INDIA

A greater portion off the population live in urban areas where living condtions are better than in rural areas. There is also an awareness of the causes of diseases.

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THE DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND

There has been laarge in cease in the economically active population. There has been a decrease in birth rates so the amount of young dependent has decreased, while the number of economically active people has increased

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GEOPOLITICS IMPACT DEVELOPMENT

Geopolitics refers to the relationship with other nations, if a country has good relationship with another country they are more likely to trade with them

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GEOPOLITICS

if a country governs a large land mass it will have access to more natural resources.

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GEOPOLITICS

The physical geography can also benift development for example having good transport or living natural features for natural security

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POSITIVE COCA COLA SOCIAL

Training and education prgrams have been set up. Coca Cola foundation awards grants to companies throughout the world eg Anandana in India focuses on social development as well as evironmental sustinably

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NEGATIVE COCA COLA SOCIAL

Harsh working conditions and lack of unions in bottling plants

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NEGATIVE COCA COLA SOCIAL

Villages in Rajasthan reported that the little water left was undrinkable and when used for bathing it burned thier eyes amd lead to skin problems

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NEGATIVE COCA COLA ECONOMIC

Bottling plants in India are vulnerable to the effects of top down decision making in remote atlanta the HQ of Coca Cola. The majority of profots are sent back to the USA

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POSITIVE COCA COLA SOCIAL

Coca cola have invested in appropriate technology to aid development they installed more than 500 rainwater harvesting structures in 22 states in India

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POSITIVE COCA COLA SOCIAL

Employment opportunities which can pay more than the minimum wage permamnet contracts in the bottling plant in Rajasthaman.

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Camaroo Africa

paslm oil is being grown. It is used in a variety of foods. It is also used in cosmetics. In order to have room for the palm oil plants, rainforests are beimg cut down. Reduces biodiversity . Forest is home to 8000 species of plants and 250 species

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ECUADOR

During the 1960's oil was found under the Ecuadorian rainforest. In order to extract the oil, trees were cut down and pipes weer drilled into the ground

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NORTH SEA

Over the pasr 50 yrs too much fishing has taken place in the North sea. Its unsustainable. Led to critically low numbers of fish in 1970's 300,000 tns were caught yearly.

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WATER RESOURCES

Are plentiful in some parts of the uk. north and west = more rain. However south east rainfallis low and population density is high= water stress not enough water for demand

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Global patterns of usuage and conusmption of food and water

People in developed countries consume 10 times more recouce than those in developing countries. Increased global population and wealth has meant we are consumming more resources than ever before.

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GLOBAL FOOD CONSUMPTION

tHE DISTRIBUTIUON OF FOOD CONSUMPTION IS CLOSLEY LINKED TO WEALTH. ITS HIGHEST IN EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN COUNTRIES BUT MUCH LOWER IN CENTRAL AFRICA. IN SOME PARTS OF AFRICA INTAKE IS LOWER THAN 2000 CALOREIS PER DAY LEADING TO UNDER NURISMENT

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ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Effected by: location of fossil fuels, the ability to use renewables eh wind, and wealth. Global energy consumption is estimated to rise by 56% in the next 35 yrs, with Asia being one of the leading contributors. Due to development in china

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WATER CONSUMPTION

The amount of fresh water available globally is only 3%. Theother is 97% is salt water, of that 2-3% is locked away in ice caps

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