GCSE PE 0.0 / 5 ? Physical EducationSkeletal system - bones and jointsGCSEEdexcel Created by: HarryH11Created on: 02-04-18 11:20 What are the 5 key functions of the skeleton/skeletal system? Protection of vital organs - Muscle attachment - Storage of minerals - Production of blood cells - Formation of joints for kovement 1 of 24 What blood cells are produced by the skeleton? Platelets - Red blood cells - White blood cells 2 of 24 What are the four types/classifications of bones? Long (e.g The femur) - Short (e.g The carples/tarsels) - Flat (e.g The cranium) - Irregular (e.g The vertebrae) 3 of 24 What are the 5 regions of the vertebrae? The upper region is the cervical-Then Thoracic - Then Lumbar - Then Sacrum - Then the coccyx (also known as the til bone) 4 of 24 Describe a Joint A joint is where two or more bones meet and movement can occur 5 of 24 What are the 4 types of joints? Ball and Socket (e.g Hip or Shoulder) - Hinge (e.g Knee or Elbow) - Pivot (e.g Neck) - Condyloid (e.g Wrist) 6 of 24 What is the role of a ligament? To connect bone to bone 7 of 24 Why are they relevant to sport? They help to keep joints stable and they prevent unwanted movement which could cause an injury 8 of 24 What is an antagonistic pair? Skeletal muscles working together to provide movement at the joint 9 of 24 Give an example of an antagonistic pair in the upper arm Bicep and Tricep 10 of 24 What is the role of the Bicep with its antagonistic pair? To create flexion of the arm at the elbow (e.g Upwards phase of a bicep curl) 11 of 24 What is the role of the Tricep with its antagonistic pair? To create extension of the arm at the elbow (e.g Straightening the arms in a chest press) 12 of 24 Give an example of an antagonistic pair in the upper leg Quadriceps and Hamstrings 13 of 24 What is the role of the Quadricep with its antagonistic pair? Extension of the leg at the knee (e.g Straightening the leading leg over a hurdle) 14 of 24 What is the role of the Hamstring with its antagonistic pair? Flexion of the leg at the knee (e.g Bending the trailing leg over a hurdle) 15 of 24 Give an example of an antagonistic pair in the lower leg Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior 16 of 24 What is the role of the Gastrocnemius with its antagonistic pair? Plantar-Flexion at the ankle (e.g pointing your toes) 17 of 24 What is the role of the Tibialis Anterior with its antagonistic pair? Dorsi-Flexion at the ankle (e.g Bringing your toes up towards the shins) 18 of 24 Give an example of an antagonistic pair in the lower back and stomach Gluteus Maximus and Hip Flexors 19 of 24 What is the role of the Gluteus Maximus with its antagonistic pair? Extension of the leg at the hip (e.g Lifting the leg beck at the hip when running) 20 of 24 What is the role of the Hip Flexors with its antagonistic pair? Flexion of the leg at the hip (e.g Bringing the leg up in a seat drop on a trampoline) 21 of 24 What are the 3 types of muscle fibre? Slow twitch Type I - Fast twitch Type IIa - Fast twitch Type IIx 22 of 24 What is the function of the Slow twitch fibre? Produce low force - Slow speed for contraction - High endurance 23 of 24 What is the function of the Fast twitch fibre (Type IIa)? Produce high force 24 of 24
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