What do Functionalists think about crime and deviance?
Positive and Negetive
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Which Functionalist is prominent in relation to crime and deviance?
Durkheim
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What type of theory is Functionalism?
Strucuturalist theory
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What was the positive side of crime (Durkheim)?
Helps society change and remain dynamic, builds collective conscience
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What is the negetive side of crime (Durkheim)?
Too much crime leads to social disruption, anomie
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What were Durkheim's four positive aspects of crime?
Re-affirming the boundaries, Changing values, Social cohesion, Safety valve
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What is an extra positive function of crime in society?
It provides employment in society - lawyers, police, etc
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What is re-affirming the boundaries?
The media that crime atttracts publicly re-affirms the values of society
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What is changning values?
Any sympathy that crime attracts can prove social change in values and lead to changes in the law
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What is social cohesion?
When horrible crimes have taken place, the community strengthens and feels a sense of belonging
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What is safety valve?
Deviant acts can release pressure (eg prostitution releases men's pressure without threatneing the family as an insitution)
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What is anomie and who said it?
Durkheim - In peroids of great social change or stress when the collective conscience is weakened people are selfish (anomie)
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How does anomie affect crime and what should be done about it?
Where anomie exists, crime rates rocket - Only by re-affirming the collective values can it be brought back into control
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Who later adapted and developed anomie?
Merton
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What are the criticisms of Durkheim?
Assumes shared values, fails to explain role of subcultures in crime, Fails to acknowledge victims of crime, accepts official stastics as valid, fails to explore moivations of deviant acts
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Who was hevaily influenced by Durkheim but looks at why people don't commit crimes?
Hirschi
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What is Hirschi's theory on crime?
The more attached you are the less you commit crime Crimnal activity occurs when people's attachment to society is weakened in some way. This depends on the strength of social bonds which hold people to society
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What are the four crucial bonds in Hirschi's theory?
Attachment (care about other opinons), Commitment (personal investments you will lose), Involvement (Time and space for deviant behaviour), Belief (How strong your sense is to obey the rules of society)
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What is the evalutaion of Hirschi?
Assumes shared values, someimes social bons lead to deviance (peer groups or subcultures)
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How are these bonds taught?
Through socialisation
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Which Functionalist is prominent in relation to crime and deviance?
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