fieldwork paper 3

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define primary data
original data collected first hand, hasn't been manipulated
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define secondary data
data collected from someone else which is a published source
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define reliability
how trustworthy data is
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define accuracy
how representative data is of what you're studying
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give 3 primary data examples
questionnaires
counting
measuring
current photographs
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give 3 secondary data examples
maps
older photographs
websites
newspapers
textbooks
census data
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give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of primary data
it's from a reliable source
it's accurate
may not get enough data with a smaller sample
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give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of secondary data
it's good to identify changes over years
it's less reliable, could have been manipulated
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what is quantitative data?
data that can be measured or counted
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what is qualitative data?
data that is descriptive or visual
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give 2 examples of quantitative data
environmental quality surveys
pedestrian/traffic count
sediment size
measuring depth, width, velocity, wetted perimeter
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give 2 examples of qualitative data
questionnaire
photos
field sketch
maps
graphs
tables
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what are the 3 different types of sampling?
random sampling
systematic sampling
stratified sampling
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what is random sampling?
samples are chosen at random and have an equal chance of being selected
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what is systematic sampling?
working to a system to collect data
eg. sampling every 50cm across the river
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what is stratified sampling?
bias to make sure sampling addresses the question
eg. deliberately selecting different pebble sizes
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name 6 different map data
choropleth maps
dot maps
isoline maps
desire line maps
flow line maps
proportional symbol maps
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what are dot maps?
1 dot represents a certain number. Those areas with more dots have highest values
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what is a choropleth map?
uses different colours to show different categories. Darker colours show higher values
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what is an isoline map?
it shows with lines how many people are in a certain area
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what is a desire line map?
show movement of people or objects between places
eg. flights
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what is a flow line map?
thickness of line represents the amount of people travelling to a place
direction of line represents the area they are moving to
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what is a proportional symbol map?
shape symbols that show the amount of things in an area. the bigger the symbol, the bigger the amount.
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what are the 5 graphs and charts?
bar graphs
divided bar graphs
histograms
pie charts
scatter graphs
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what is a histogram?
show continuous data with no gaps between the bars because they are all part of the same sample
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what is a scatter graph?
two sets of data that are supposed to be related and show a trend (draw line of best fit)
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name 3 sources of error due to wrong results and what impact the error has?
sample size: smaller sample sizes mean poor quality results
equipment used: wrong equipment can make incorrect results
time of survey: different times of year may influence results (amount of sun, water)
frequency of sample: fewer sites reduces results
ty
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

define secondary data

Back

data collected from someone else which is a published source

Card 3

Front

define reliability

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

define accuracy

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

give 3 primary data examples

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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