creates physiological arousal in the body, which prevents us from paying attention
1 of 35
what approach can be taken to study anxiety in EWT
looking at the effect of weapons
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why
weapons create anxiety
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who studied the effects of weapons
Johnson and Scott
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what was the first condition called of their study
the low-anxiety condition
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what happened in the low anxiety condition
heard an arguemtn then a man walked through the room holding a pen with grease on his hands
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wht did pp hear in the high-anxiety condition
they heard the same argument but the man walked out holding a knife and blood on hands. Also sound of breaking glass
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how many pp in the low anxiety condition could identify the man
49%
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How many in the high anxiety condition could identify the man
Less - 33%
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What theory does this lead onto
the tunnel theory
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what does this theory suggest
argues memory narrows on a weapon because it creates anxiety
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POSITIVE EFFECTS
A
12 of 35
Why could anxiety have positive effects on recall
the flight or fight response triggers our alertness and improves our memory of the event because we are more aware of cues
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who studied the positive effects of recall
Yuille and Cutshall
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who were their sample
people who had witnesses a real life shooting in a gun shop
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what did the witnesses have to do it Yuille and Cutshalls study
held interviews 4-5 months after the shooting, compared with original police interviews
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how was accuracy determined
number of details reported in each account
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what else did the witnesses have to do
rate how stressed they had felt at the time of the incident
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what did Yuille and Cutshall find
the participant who reported the highest levels of anxiety were more accurate
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overall what was the general findings
the witnesses were very accurate and there was little change in their account
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who explained these contradictions
Yerkes and Dodson
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what odes te Yerkes Dodson law suggest
low levels of anxiety produce low recall. As anxiety increases so does recall, but this reaches an optimum point. After this, recall decreases with more anxiety.
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A03
H
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why might weapons theory be irrelevant
because they may not be focusing on the weapon out of fear but out of surprise
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who conducted research into this
pickel
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what did he do
conducted an experiment using a gun, a wallet, a raw chicken and scissors in a hairdressing salon
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what did he find about EWT
accuracy was significantly poorer in the mot unusual conditions (handgun and chicken)
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what does this suggest about weapons effect theory
due to unusualness not anxiety
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why is this imited
tells us nothing about the effect anx has on EWT
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In what way do ethics limit this research
causing psychological harm to pp
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why are field studies sometimes weak to use
lack control
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example
using real witnesses mean you can't control for EV- e.g post event discussion
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what impact does this have on studying anxiety
the effect of anxiety might be overwhelmed by these other factors
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what limits the inverted U explanation
too simplistic
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why
anxiety is difficult to measure and define as it has so many elements - cognitive, emotional physical
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what approach can be taken to study anxiety in EWT
Back
looking at the effect of weapons
Card 3
Front
why
Back
Card 4
Front
who studied the effects of weapons
Back
Card 5
Front
what was the first condition called of their study
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