evaluation of critical period classic studies

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Johnson & Newport (1989)
Supporting critical period
46 ppts with L1 as Chinese or Korean
Exposure to L2 controlled
- min 5 years to language
- min 3 years residency in US
GJT used
- 276 sentences
- 12 aspects
Results:
Negative correlation between AoA and language performance
Strong negative correlation ≤ 1
1 of 6
Replication of J&N: DeKayser (2000)
Supporting critical period
L1/L2 pairings = Hungarian/English
Compared:
- 15 early arrivals AoA ≤ 16 years
- 42 late arrivals AoA ≥ 16 years
mean length residency = 34 years
varied education & professions
Tested Fundamental Difference Hypothesis (FDH)
Results:
AoA not related to L2
2 of 6
Replication of J&N: Birdsong & Molis (2001)
Against critical period
L1/L2 pairing = Spanish/English
Compared:
- 29 (AoA ≤ 16 years)
- 32 (AoA ≥ 16 years)
Mean length residency = 10 years
Educated to degree level
Staff & students at unis
GJT used & self-assessment on fluency and use of both languages
Results:
Non-significa
3 of 6
Hakuta, Bialystock & Wiley (2003)
Against critical period
Not experiment
Archived data from 1990 consensus - 2 million +
L1 = Spanish or Chinese
Findings:
L2 acquisition not dependent on age
L2 learning did decline with age
Limitation:
Self-reported proficiency in English
4 of 6
Abrahamson (2012)
Supporting critical period
L1/L2 pairing = Spanish/Swedish
Compared:
- 200 L1 Spanish speakers of Swedish
(AoA ≤ 16 = 101)
- 20 L1 Swedish native controls
Mean residency = 25 years
Education = up to senior high school level diploma
Tested:
Grammar - GJT
Phonetics - categorical per
5 of 6
White & Genesse (1996)
Against critical period
"Knowledge of L2 English may stem from knowledge of L1 grammar"
Tested complex syntactic structures
- receptive GJT
- production of 'question' from declarative statement
3 groups - near-native English speakers, non-native, native control
Most L1 = French
6 of 6

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

L1/L2 pairings = Hungarian/English
Compared:
- 15 early arrivals AoA ≤ 16 years
- 42 late arrivals AoA ≥ 16 years
mean length residency = 34 years
varied education & professions
Tested Fundamental Difference Hypothesis (FDH)
Results:
AoA not related to L2

Back

Replication of J&N: DeKayser (2000)
Supporting critical period

Card 3

Front

L1/L2 pairing = Spanish/English
Compared:
- 29 (AoA ≤ 16 years)
- 32 (AoA ≥ 16 years)
Mean length residency = 10 years
Educated to degree level
Staff & students at unis
GJT used & self-assessment on fluency and use of both languages
Results:
Non-significa

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Not experiment
Archived data from 1990 consensus - 2 million +
L1 = Spanish or Chinese
Findings:
L2 acquisition not dependent on age
L2 learning did decline with age
Limitation:
Self-reported proficiency in English

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

L1/L2 pairing = Spanish/Swedish
Compared:
- 200 L1 Spanish speakers of Swedish
(AoA ≤ 16 = 101)
- 20 L1 Swedish native controls
Mean residency = 25 years
Education = up to senior high school level diploma
Tested:
Grammar - GJT
Phonetics - categorical per

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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