Enzymes Revision

B2

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What are protein molecules made from?
amino acids
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What is a catalyst?
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
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What is an enzyme?
a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction
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Explain the 'lock and key' theory of enzymes?
in the 'lock and key' theory, the lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correctly sized key (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site) of the lock (enzyme).
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What temperature do human enzymes work best at and what happensto enzymes if they are put into high temperatures?
human body temperature -37.5 C. At high temperatures, the bonds between amino acids change in the enzyme, so changing its shape
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Where is the amylase enzyme made and where does it act?
the pancreas and salivary gland make amylase which is converted by other enzymes to glucose, which supplys the body with energy.
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Where is the protease enzyme made and where does it act? What food does it break down and into what? Why do we need this nutrient?
the protease enzyme is made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. It acts in the stomach. It breaks down proteins into amino acids. If you do not get amino acids,proteins break down, resulting in muscle loss and repair problems.
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Where is the lipase enzyme made and where does it act? What food does it break down and into what? Why do we need this nutrient?
the lipase enzyme is made in the pancreas and small intestine. It acts in the small intestine. It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. We need fatty acids to obtai omega 3 and omega 6.
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What type of acid is in the stomach and why does the body need it? (2 reasons)
hydrochloric acid - breaks down proteins in your stomach to prepare them for digestion and kills bacteria that enter your stomach.
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Where is bile made and stored?
it is made in the liver and stored (and concentrated) in the gallbladder.
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Explain how bile aids the break-down of fats. (2 reasons)
bile breaks the fat into small droplets that are easier for lipase enzymes to work on. It also is secreted into the small intestine, where it emulsifies fats - this provides a larger surface area in which the lipases can work.
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Enzymes can be usedat home in biological detergents. What types of enzymes are found in these and how are they different to human body enzymes? Why is this a benefit?
protease, lipase and amylase are all used in washing. They break proteins, starch and fats down, this is useful to remove stains.
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Explain how enzymes can be used in industry in: a) Baby foods. b) The production of sugar syrup. c) Dieting foods (making fructose syrup)
a) used to pre-digest proteins (ipase) b) used to convert starch syrup into sugar syrup which is more valuable (carbohyrase) c) used to convert glucose syrup into fructose syrup which is sweeter than glucose (isomerase)
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What are the advantages of using enzymes in industry?
enzymes are very specific as to which reaction they are catalysing and which substrate or molecule they are working on. They reduce the activation energy of reactions and increase their speeds, when compared to un-catalysed reactions.
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Card 2

Front

What is a catalyst?

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a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

Card 3

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the 'lock and key' theory of enzymes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What temperature do human enzymes work best at and what happensto enzymes if they are put into high temperatures?

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