Endocrine- hypothalamus and pituitary

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nervous and endocrine system, one has slow responses effects last longer, broader influence. and the other Faster responses, briefer effects, acts on specific target. which is the latter (faster)
nervous
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hormones have many regulatory functions: select incorrect answer
memory
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2 types of glands in endocrine system: exocrine and endocrine. which gland secrete products into ducts which empty into body cavities or body surface e.g. sweat, oil, mucous, & digestive glands
exocrine
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2 types of glands in endocrine system: exocrine and endocrine. which gland is ductless
Secrete products (hormones) into interstitial fluid, diffuse into blood
endocrine
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all hormones come from pituitary, but related by what what control
hypothalamus
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excess hormone leads to a decrease in number of receptors. Receptors undergo endocytosis and are degraded
decreases sensitivity of target cell to hormone
up regulation or downregulation?
down
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deficiency of hormone leads to an increase in the number of receptors
target tissue becomes more sensitive to the hormone
up regulation or downregulation?
up
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autocrine works on what
act on the same cell that secreted them
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2 large classes of hormones are lipid-soluble and water-soluble, one uses transport proteins and the other circulates in its 'free' form. which is the first (transport proteins)
lipid soluble
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Responsiveness of target cell depends on:select INCORRECT answer
nucleotide binding
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2 substances linked with synergistic
glucagon and epinephrine
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2 substances linked with Antagonistic effects
insulin and glucagon
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in Lipid-soluble Hormones, where is the hormone receptor located?
nucleus
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in Lipid-soluble Hormones, which is the CORRECT sequence
Hormone diffuses through
phospholipid bilayer & into cell, Binds to receptor turning on/off
specific genes

New mRNA is formed & directs
synthesis of new proteins

New protein alters cell’s activity
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lipid or water: making NEW proteins
lipid
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lipid or water: changes EXISTING proteins?
water
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water soluble hormones (here hormone receptors are integral membrane proteins acting as FIRST MESSENGERS): select CORRECT sequence
The hormone binds to the membrane receptor.
The activated receptor activates a membrane G-protein which turns on adenylate cyclase.
Adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP which activates protein kinases.
Protein kinases phosphorylate enzymes which
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The hypothalamus is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems.
Hypothalamus receives input from cortex, thalamus, limbic system & internal organs
Hypothalamus controls pituitary gland with 9 different releasing & inhibiting horm
posterior
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which pituitary communicates w hypothalamus with Hormones transported via blood.
anterior
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is the most plentiful anterior pituitary hormone. Produced by cells in the pituitary called somatotrophs
Released following the binding of HGH Releasing Factor to receptors on somatotrophs
Human growth hormone (hGH) or somatotropin
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It acts indirectly on tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, cartilage and bone) by promoting the synthesis and secretion of small protein hormones called what?
insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
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WHAT stimulates release of GHRH from hypothalamus
anterior pituitary releases more hGH, more glycogen broken down into glucose by liver cells
low blood sugar
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WHAT stimulates release of GHIH from hypothalamus
less hGH from anterior pituitary, glycogen does not breakdown into glucose
high blood sugar
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clinical uses of HGH name the drug Used in IGF-1 deficiency where there no response to administered GH. Is a complex of recombinant human IGF-1 AND IGF binding protein 3.
Mercasermin
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overactivity of growth hormone- Somatostatin analogue. More potent that SOM in terms of inhibiting GH release
Octreotide
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ACTH stimulates cells of WHAT that produce glucocorticoids
adrenal cortex
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another hormone of the anterior pituitary is Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GRH), GRH secreted by neurons in hypothalamus
Travels venous (blood) stream to anterior pituitary and activated receptors on the gonadotroph cells.
Gonadotroph cells secrete wha
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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clinical uses for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
assisted reproduction
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Prolactin (PRL), together with other hormones, initiates and maintains milk secretion by the mammary glands.
In non-nursing individuals,WHAT provides chronic blockade of prolactin section
dopamine
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WHAT DRUG WILL SHUTDOWN THE PRODUCTION OF MILK THAT IS A DOPAMINE ANTAGONIST?
BROMOCRIPTINE
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the 2 hormones of POSTERIOR PITUITARY are Oxytocin and ADH. Oxytocin's main Two target tissues both involved in neuroendocrine reflexes are WHAT?
uterus AND mammary glands
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OXYTOCIN DURING LABOUR- signals to produce oxytocin are triggered by stretch receptors where in uterus?
cervix
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oxytocin production during labour ONLY ceases when?
after baby is born
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major target organs for Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone
ovary and testis
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ADH clinical uses drugs: select INCORRECT answer
Felypramine
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

hormones have many regulatory functions: select incorrect answer

Back

memory

Card 3

Front

2 types of glands in endocrine system: exocrine and endocrine. which gland secrete products into ducts which empty into body cavities or body surface e.g. sweat, oil, mucous, & digestive glands

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

2 types of glands in endocrine system: exocrine and endocrine. which gland is ductless
Secrete products (hormones) into interstitial fluid, diffuse into blood

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

all hormones come from pituitary, but related by what what control

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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