depression.

?
  • Created by: Kelseyb
  • Created on: 10-06-16 22:53
clinical characteristics?
two core symptoms- depressed mood most of day, most days + loss of interest/pleasure in all/most activities. Others- sig. weight loss/gain, inosomnia/hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation/retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, poor concentrat
1 of 43
inter rater reliabilty
agreement between independent clinicians examining same patient. reliable diagnosis- same with whomever they visit.
2 of 43
Spitzer
reliability most important in diagnoses
3 of 43
Becker et al
153 new referrals. randomly assigned to be interviewed by 2 of 4 psychiatrists. correlation statistic of i.r. (KAPPA) and concordance of less than 50%
4 of 43
inter rater reliability across cultures
different norms + beliefs. some cultres diagnosis manuals dont deal with affective disorders.
5 of 43
cooper
recordings of psychiatric interviews to US, UK and Canadian psychs. one case mdd ranged from UK 2% to 69% in US.
6 of 43
validity
whether clinician can accurately identify who is and who isnt suffering from dep.
7 of 43
validity- clinical expertise + objectivity
5% of pop dep. GPS not experts lack of knowledge/experience. wrong treatment, economic burden, loss of public confidence
8 of 43
Mitchell
meta analysis of 118 studies that assesed accuracy of unassisted diagnoses by GPS. correctly identified dep in 47% cases/ more false positives.
9 of 43
co-morbidity validity
shares common aspects with e.g.sz. such as reduced thinking skills, indecisivness + lethargic behaviour. also comorbid with psychical conditions e.g. cancer, heart disease, loss of limbs. assumption treating primary treats secondary. not always case.
10 of 43
Tylee
to establish whether presence of physical illness affected GPS recognition of mdd in females. 72 females, assesed by GP, researcher then contacted + assesed using GHQ. more patients with unrecognised dep sufered physical illness and were tired.
11 of 43
continued
.. those with physical illness 5x more llikely to be unrecognised
12 of 43
gender bias
twice as high in females diagnostic practice rather than real difference. e.g. more acceptable for women to admit + seek help. seen as more 'female disorder'. stereotypical views in clinician.
13 of 43
Potts et al
mental health specialists sig. more likely to identify depressiion in females. females- false pos. males- false neg.
14 of 43
bio depression (HMWTDCK)
harrington et al, mcguffin, wegner, teuting, delgado, kendler
15 of 43
harrington et al
20% of first degree relatives of deps. also has dep compared to 10% of general pop.
16 of 43
McGuffin
177 dep sufferers. MZ twins- 46% DZ 20%
17 of 43
Wegner et al
bio relatives 8 times more likely to suffer too compared to adoptive relatives
18 of 43
Teuting
deps abnormally low levels of by-products associated with noradrenaline in urine samples.
19 of 43
Delgado et al
deps diets lowered serotonin (taking antis) resulted in dep symptoms. dissapeared once diet stopped.
20 of 43
Claridge et al
people not suffering from disorder given drugs to reduce serotonin + noradrenaline did not display dep.
21 of 43
kendler et al
high rate of mental disorders between twins when searching for dep and generalised anxiety disorder compared to looking for dep alone.
22 of 43
bio therapies (GHJTSBD)
gitlin, hollon et al, janicak et al, taylor, sackeim, bregin, department of health
23 of 43
gitlin
antidepressants 65-75% effective only 33% of placebos
24 of 43
hollon et al
only effective continue to take them, relapse rate high.
25 of 43
Janicak
80% severely dep responded well to ECT compared to 64% drugs.
26 of 43
taylor
ECT response rate of 55% dep, and 80-90% in severely deps in initial treatment
27 of 43
sackeim
84% patients relapsed within 6 months
28 of 43
Bregin
ECT only effective for 4 weeks
29 of 43
department of health
700 patients, 59% had not consented.
30 of 43
psychological explanations (LSBSSBHL)
lewinsohn, seligman, beck, seligman, seligman, butler and beck, hollon
31 of 43
lewinsohn
dep pccured due to reduction in pos reinforcement
32 of 43
seligman
learned helplessness
33 of 43
beck
negative cognitive schemas
34 of 43
seligman
dogs in inescapable, stressful, unavoidable situaton, displayed helplessness in subsquent situation
35 of 43
seligman
humans noise or shock unavoidable. similar resuls of animals
36 of 43
butler n beck
14 meta analyses CBT more successful than drugs and lower relapse rate
37 of 43
psychological therapies (KERWE)
kuyken, evans, rush, williams, elkin
38 of 43
kuyken
15% of variance in outcome attributed to therapists level of consistency
39 of 43
evans et al
CBT lower relapse than other treatments
40 of 43
rush et al
cbt is as effective as anti-deps
41 of 43
williams
cbt strongest for effectivnes but weekly face to face mad it inappropriate
42 of 43
elkin
cbt unsuitable for people with high levels of dysfunctional beliefs that arre both rigid and resistant to change
43 of 43

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

inter rater reliabilty

Back

agreement between independent clinicians examining same patient. reliable diagnosis- same with whomever they visit.

Card 3

Front

Spitzer

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Becker et al

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

inter rater reliability across cultures

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all - resources »