Who carried out a meta-analysis of 32 studies (8 countries - 15 being in the USA)?
van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg
1 of 8
What did van IJzendoorn find?
Secure attachment most common - 75% Britain, 50% China, insecure-avoidant - most common Germany, least common Japan, insecure-resistant - 30% Israel, 3% Britain
2 of 8
What did they find out about variations intra-cultures over inter-cultures?
Variation 150% greater within countries rather than between countries
3 of 8
Talk to me about the Simonella et al. Italian study
76 12-month olds, 50% secure, 36% insecure-avoidant. Lower rate secure attachment than in many - more mothers work long hours and use professional childcare. So cultural changes make dramatic difference
4 of 8
What do the studies of cultural variations conclude?
Secure attachment is the norm in most cultures - supporting Bowlby's idea that attachment is innate and universal. But cultural practices have an influence on attachment type...
5 of 8
Why are large samples good in cultural variations studies?
E.g. 1,900 babies and their primary attachment figures in van IJzendoorn's study, increase internal validity by reducing impact of anomalous results
6 of 8
Why do samples tend to be unrepresentative of culture?
Comparisons between countries not cultures, different cultures within countries. Comparisons between countries may have little meaning; cultural characteristics of the sample need to be specified
7 of 8
Why is the method of assessment of cultural variations biased?
Designed by American researcher based on British theory - imposed etic as unsure if it can be applied to other cultures. E.g. lack of separation anxiety, in Germany this might be a sign of independence, not avoidance/insecurity
8 of 8
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did van IJzendoorn find?
Back
Secure attachment most common - 75% Britain, 50% China, insecure-avoidant - most common Germany, least common Japan, insecure-resistant - 30% Israel, 3% Britain
Card 3
Front
What did they find out about variations intra-cultures over inter-cultures?
Back
Card 4
Front
Talk to me about the Simonella et al. Italian study
Back
Card 5
Front
What do the studies of cultural variations conclude?
Comments
No comments have yet been made