A covalent bond is the overlap of atomic orbital each containing one electron to give a shared pair.
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What is a dot and cross diagram?
Electrons in the atoms are shown as either dots or crosses.
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What is a single covalent bond?
The electrostatic attraction between one shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonding atoms.
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What is a dative covalent bond?
The electrostatic attraction between two shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of bonding atoms.
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What is a lone pair?
An outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding.
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What is a molecule?
A small group of covalently bonded atoms.
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What is a strcuture?
A description of the configuration of particles within a substance. Either simple or giant.
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What is a giant structure?
A regular, repeating pattern of many atoms or ions held together by strong ionic or covalent bonds?
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What is a simple structure?
Structure in which many individuals are loosely arranged with weak intermolecular forces between molecules.
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What is chemical bonding?
Either ionic, covalent or metallic. Bonding describes the strong forces of attraction between atoms or ions in a substance.
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What is intermolecular force?
Only relevant to simple molecular substances. This describes the weak forces of attraction that will occur between molecules.
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What does covalent binding occur between?
Non-metals
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What are paired electrons that aren't shared called?
Lone pairs.
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How many electrons are in the outer shell of a bonded Boron molecule?
three paired electrons.
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What is different about the bonding between chlorine and beryllium?
The bond between them is covalent rather than ionic.
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What are the different outer electron possibilities for sulfur?
1)Two unpaired electrons, two lone pairs.2)Four unpaired electrons, one lone pair.3)Six unpaired electrons.
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What does the electron pair repulsion theory state?
1)Electron pairs repel other pairs as far apart as possible.2)Lone pairs repel more than bond pairs.3)Number of lone and bond pairs determines shape of molecule.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bond pairs?
Linear, 180.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bond pairs?
Trigonal planar, 120.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bond pairs and 1 lone pair?
Non-linear, 117.5.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bond pairs?
Tetrahedral, 109.5
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair?
Pyramidal, 107.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs?
Non-linear, 104.5
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 5 bond pairs?
Trigonal bipyramidal, 90 and 120.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bond pairs and 1 lone pair?
See-saw, 87.5 and 117.5.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bond pairs and 2 lone pair?
T-shape, 85.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bond pairs and 3 lone pairs?
Linear, 180.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 6 bond pairs?
Octahedral, 90.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 5 bond pairs and 1 lone pair?
Square pyramid, 87.5.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bond pairs and 2 lone pairs?
Square planar, 90.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bond pairs and 3 lone pairs?
T-shaped, 87.5.
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What is the name and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bond pairs and 4 lone pairs?
Linear, 180.
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When explaining the bond angle of a double bond, what should be used instead of electron pair/
Regions of electron density.
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What is the melting point of a giant covalent substance?
High- lots of energy needed to break many covalent bonds.
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What is the electrical conductivity of a giant covalent substance?
Poor- no delocalised electrons or ions to carry the charge. (excluding graphite which can conduct).
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What is the solubility of giant covalent substances?
Insoluble- bonds between atoms very strong, water is polar but not attracted to the neutral atoms.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a dot and cross diagram?
Back
Electrons in the atoms are shown as either dots or crosses.
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