Agreement between US government and Indian nations. Indians promised not to attack settlers on Oregon Trail and allowed forts/roads to be built in return for agreed hunting area and annual subsidy. Largely failed - railway/gold rush -settlers ignored
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Subsidy
Sum of money paid from government funds.
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Negotiators
Wanted to negotiate a solution to 'Indian problem' - 'civilised'/concentrate them. Mostly people in the East/Indian agents.
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Exterminators
Saw Indians as savages - needed wiping out by the military. Mostly people in the west.
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Sand Creek Massacre
Black Kettle and Cheyenne Indian camped near Fort Lyon. Warriors went hunting, left mostly women and children behind. Chivington and 700 soldiers murdered and scalped them. Seen as 'planned massacre'.
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Fetterman's Trap
Captain Fetterman ignored orders to avoid Indians - led 80 men - was lured into trap set by Sioux - were all killed and mutilated.
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Second Fort Laramie Treaty
Government withdrew from forts. Great Sioux Reservations was created - only Indians allowed. Some Indians disagree with Red Cloud for signing e.g. Sitting Bull.
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Federal government
Power is shared between federal (central) government and state governments
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Industrialised
Northern states economy more based on manufacturing - factories producing goods.
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Agricultural
Southern states grew crops like tobacco or cotton, grown on plantations by slaves. 1/4 of South population dependant on slavery.
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Abolitionism
Movement to end slavery. Mostly northern supporters. British Empire abolished slavery in 1833 - increased support.
USA expanded westward - arguments over whether new states allow slavery.
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Compromise of 1850
California - free state. Decisions over slavery in new states - down to own governments. Fugitive Slave Act.
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Fugitive Slave Act
Northern states have to inform south of runway slaves and return them to their owners. Slavery more visible.
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
Disagreement over route of transcontinental railway - further north chosen if new territories Kansas and Nebraska could vote on slavery.
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Bleeding Kansas
Pro and anti-slavery settlers both moved to Kansas to vote. Violence broke out - almost 200 killed. Federal government said Kansas would be free.
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Harpers Ferry
John Brown/others tried to take weapons to arm a slave rebellion. He was caught and hanged for treason.
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Secession
The withdrawal of 11 southern states from the US - formed Confederacy.
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Confederacy
11 Southern states of USA (1861-65)
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Union
Northern States of USA
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American Civil War
War in the U.S. between the North and the South, 1861-65. Won by North.
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Conscription
People forced to join the army/navy. Introduction by Confederacy April 1862 and by the Union March 1863. Could provide substitute or pay fee to avoid frighting. Wide opposition on both sides.
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Emancipation
Act of freeing someone from slavery.
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Inflation
Rising prices. South government printed more money - led to hyperinflation
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Mountain Meadow Massacre
Wagon trains from Arkansas attacked. Witnesses who knew Mormons were involved were killed. Travellers tricked into leaving their wagons, all were killed except for 17 children. April 1858, Mormons pardoned. Utah became state in 1896 (polygamy band).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Agreement between US government and Indian nations. Indians promised not to attack settlers on Oregon Trail and allowed forts/roads to be built in return for agreed hunting area and annual subsidy. Largely failed - railway/gold rush -settlers ignored
Back
Fort Laramie Treaty 1851
Card 3
Front
Sum of money paid from government funds.
Back
Card 4
Front
Wanted to negotiate a solution to 'Indian problem' - 'civilised'/concentrate them. Mostly people in the East/Indian agents.
Back
Card 5
Front
Saw Indians as savages - needed wiping out by the military. Mostly people in the west.
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