Collapse of the Personal Rule (Charles I)

?
  • Created by: 3v3lyn
  • Created on: 03-12-17 09:01
What main thing brought the PR to an end?
Charles needed money for the Bishops' War
1 of 68
When was the General Assembly with the Scots?
Nov 1638
2 of 68
Episcopacy was abolished. What was this?
Government of the church by Bishops
3 of 68
What was the main motive for Charles for the General Assembly?
To buy time so he could attack them
4 of 68
When had episcopacy been brought to Scotland?
1618 (under James)
5 of 68
Charles was willing to use the army to control Protestant subjects. This combined with what else convinced people he was Catholic?
Refusal to help Protestants in the 30 Years' War
6 of 68
What happened in York in April 1639?
Charles summoned the Lords to meet him to organise appropriate military action, therefore circumnavigating parliament
7 of 68
What was agreed by the Treaty of Berwick in June?
Charles and the Scots reached an agreement that both sides would demobilise and a Scottish parliament would be summoned.
8 of 68
What happened at the Scottish parliament?
Nothing was achieved, none of the issues were resolved.
9 of 68
What happened with Wentworth?
He returns from Ireland and given title, Earl of Strafford
10 of 68
What did he advise Charles to do and why?
Call an English parliament. Because of his experience in Ireland, he thought they would be easily managed.
11 of 68
What was the name of the speaker at the short parliament?
Lord Keeper Finch (same man who was held down in his chair in 1629)
12 of 68
What else had the speaker previously been involved in?
Declaring ship money legal in Hampden's trial
13 of 68
What did the speaker say at the end of his opening speech?
"the King did not require their advice but an immediate vote of supplies"
14 of 68
Who made a famous speech? What were its 3 categories?
John Pym. Innovations in religion, infringement of parliamentary liberties, violations of property.
15 of 68
What deal did Charles try to strike?
He agrees to give up ship money in return for 12 subsidies
16 of 68
Why did Charles dissolve the short parliament after only 3 weeks?
Impatience
17 of 68
What was convocation?
The church equivalent of parliament
18 of 68
Convocation continued to sit. Why was this unusual?
Normally dissolved at the same time as main parliament
19 of 68
When was the short parliament?
1640
20 of 68
Explain the 'etcetera' oath?
The use of etcetera is taken to mean the Pope
21 of 68
What was the key purpose of the convocation?
Give assurance that Laudianism does not equal popery and that there is loyalty to the church of England
22 of 68
What did the Scots do in August 1640?
Invaded Northumberland
23 of 68
How did opponents of the King view the Scots' actions?
With relief because it provided leverage to put pressure on him
24 of 68
Who had parliamentarians been in conversation with?
The Covenanters
25 of 68
Where was a truce agreed? When?
Ripon. October 1640
26 of 68
Why was Charles forced to call another parliament?
Under the terms of the truce, Charles had to pay the Scots a subsidy of £850 a day until peace was agreed
27 of 68
The Long Parliament opened in?
November 1640
28 of 68
Why does the long parliament have its name?
It was not officially dissolved until 1660
29 of 68
How many elections were contested in the run up to the formation of the Long parliament?
86- meant that about 1/4 from the Commons had won their seats in a contested election
30 of 68
Who mistrusted Charles' policies?
The Puritans, moderates who wanted to undo reforms but return to the status quo (constitutional royalists)
31 of 68
What did Pym say regarding a suspected popish plot to alter law and religion?
"with the one, the other falls"
32 of 68
What happened to Strafford and Laud?
They are imprisoned
33 of 68
What happened to the Ship Money judges?
They were impeached
34 of 68
How many subsidies were agreed in December?
2
35 of 68
What was the Junto?
A group of parliamentarians who favoured protestant foreign policy and puritan church reforms. They were in collusion with the Scots.
36 of 68
What was the Junto skilled at?
Effective speeches, dominating important committees and understanding the importance of petitions.
37 of 68
Why didn't the Junto work things out with Charles?
They wanted to manoeuvre into being Charles' key advisers but failed.
38 of 68
Why did the Junto fail at colluding with Charles?
Charles is not willing to see freedom of action curtailed, the MPs don't want rising taxation, the Scots did not want Bishops and they had to deal with Strafford.
39 of 68
As Lord Deputy of Ireland, Strafford had what at his disposal? (which made him feared)
A large army
40 of 68
Strafford returned to London a few days after the Long Parliament opened. What did he intend to do? What prevented this?
Accuse key MPs of treasonable dealings with the Scots. They impeached and imprisoned him.
41 of 68
What offences had Strafford done against the King?
None
42 of 68
How did Parliament get around Strafford's innocence?
Parliament accused him of "constructive treason", i.e. dividing King and subjects
43 of 68
Privy Council meeting (May 1640)- what did Strafford tell the King?
"You have an army in Ireland you may employ here to reduce this kingdom", meaning Scotland but it was taken to mean English subjects.
44 of 68
Why could parliament not use Strafford's words against him?
There was only 1 witness to testify
45 of 68
When was Strafford's trial? Where did it take place?
March 1641. Westminster Hall (broke tradition to make sure there were as many people there as possible)
46 of 68
If you could not attend the trial, how else could you find out about it?
News sheets
47 of 68
Who did not attend the trial? Why? How was his presence symbolised?
Charles. He was forbidden by the Lords. The cloth of estate was placed over his throne.
48 of 68
What did Charles famously do?
Watched from behind a lattice
49 of 68
How did the trial go over the next four weeks?
Strafford defended himself with skill and was able to attack his accusers
50 of 68
What was an attainder?
Guilt of accused declared, trial avoided. Can only get to condemnation if Charles provides assent
51 of 68
How many voted in favour of the attainder? Against? (Commons)
Just over 200. 59.
52 of 68
What was the "army plot"?
Rumoured attempt to free Strafford from the Tower of London and then dissolve parliament.
53 of 68
What did Henrietta Maria advise Charles to do?
Provide the assent for his execution
54 of 68
What did Strafford say in his letter on May 5th?
Pass the attainder for the greater good
55 of 68
Approx how many attended his execution?
200,000
56 of 68
What is meant by the dismantling of prerogative governments?
Ensuring Charles could not use weapon of dissolution and that parliament would meet regularly
57 of 68
Parliament depended upon whom for protection?
The Scots
58 of 68
What did the Scots negotiate for?
The abolition of Bishops
59 of 68
Parliament relied on support from the public's discontent around taxation. How did this place time pressures on Parliament to get legislation passed?
The public have to pay tax to fund the Scottish army
60 of 68
What was the Triennial Act (1641)?
Stipulated parliament every 3 years, laid out mechanism of using sheriffs to call parliament.
61 of 68
How did Charles react to the Act?
He was highly offended and initially refused to sign but signed through financial pressures.
62 of 68
What did a bill rushed through during Strafford's trial declare?
That the present parliament could only be dissolved with its own consent
63 of 68
Pym introduced a poll tax. What was it and why?
A tax on everyone over the age of 16. To pay for armies.
64 of 68
What were the Remedial Measures?
Dealing with the grievances of the 1630s- tonnage and poundage granted to Charles for a few months, other customs charges forbidden, put in place acts to abolish star chamber and court of high commission, get rid of illegitimate money schemes
65 of 68
What were the Ten Propositions (June 1641)?
Attempt to disband armies: Charles needed to delay his journey until armies disbanded, dismiss 'evil counsellors', give control of military to trustworthy people, exclude Catholic advisers from royal household.
66 of 68
Why were the Ten Propositions significant?
Parliament imposing radical new restrictions on monarchy
67 of 68
MPs were frightened of what?
A savage royalist reaction to them restoring ancient constitution.
68 of 68

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When was the General Assembly with the Scots?

Back

Nov 1638

Card 3

Front

Episcopacy was abolished. What was this?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the main motive for Charles for the General Assembly?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When had episcopacy been brought to Scotland?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

See all History resources »See all British monarchy - Tudors and Stuarts resources »