How did Ho Chi Minh try to consolidate power in N Vietnam when national elections were not held?
Carried out land reform, seized land and redistributed it among the rural farming population.
1 of 19
What did land reform cause?
1million refugees fled to S Vietnam and many were executed, but agricultural production had increased.
2 of 19
What was the revolutionary violence strategy?
A strategy by the North to reunify Vietnam. The aim was to use military force to overthrow Diem's regime and remove the presence of 'imperialist' forces (USA) - culminated in creation of the NLF
3 of 19
What characteristics contributed to Diem's downfall?
He was corrupt, nepotistic . Dulles said the US used Diem because they 'knew of no one better'.
4 of 19
When was the National Liberation Front created? What was it?
December 1960. North Vietnamese leadership established this organisation in the South, its purpose was to free S Vietnam from what it saw as US imperialism. Aimed to unify Vietnam under communism.
5 of 19
Who was leader of the NLF?
Huu Tho was the figurehead, its real leader was Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi.
6 of 19
How was the NLF presented in order to not break Geneva agreements?
A Southern nationalist/resistance movement
7 of 19
What did the Geneva agreements forbid?
Forbid the North from placing its own forces in the South.
8 of 19
How was the NLF supplied?
Along the Ho Chi Minh trail - provided a supply route into the South for equipment and personnel.
9 of 19
Kennedy's policies towards Indochina?
Believed that ensuring Vietnam remained a democracy was important in securing the democratic future of SE Asia as a whole. (CONTAINMENT + DOMINO THEORY). Convinced non-nuclear capabilities should be expanded. Backed counterinsurgency.
10 of 19
When was the Strategic Hamlet Program?
March 1962
11 of 19
What was the Strategic Hamlet Program?
Aimed to create stockades, which would hold S Vietnamese rural peasants, in order to isolate them from the Vietcong.
12 of 19
Effectiveness of the Strategic Hamlet Program?
Largely a failure: often led to improved recruitment of the peasants to the Vietcong. The vietcong targeted gov. officials, not rural peasants, yet they had to construct defensive moats etc. Corrupt officials took money meant for medical care etc.
13 of 19
When was the Buddhist crisis?
May 1963
14 of 19
Why did the Buddhist crisis occur? - flags
Diem = Roman Catholic + favoured Catholics and Catholicism. Buddhists were banned from flying their flags on Buddha's bday, but a week earlier Catholics had been allowed to fly papal flags in celebrations for Thuc becoming Archbishop.
15 of 19
Why did the Buddhist crisis occur? - speech
The military was used to prevent Buddhists from hearing a speech by their leader, Tri Quang. 9 people killed in the melee. This lead to major clashes throughout S Vietnam.
16 of 19
What was the Buddhist crisis?
Buddhist protest became organised + coordinated, organised mass hunger strikes and rallies, engaged with foreign (esp US) press. Quang met with US officials in Saigon + warned them that they must put pressure on Diem to reform or remove him.
17 of 19
When did Quang Doc publicly burn himself alive in Saigon?
June 1963
18 of 19
When was Diem assassinated?
November 1963 - coup by S Vietnamese rebel generals
19 of 19
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What did land reform cause?
Back
1million refugees fled to S Vietnam and many were executed, but agricultural production had increased.
Card 3
Front
What was the revolutionary violence strategy?
Back
Card 4
Front
What characteristics contributed to Diem's downfall?
Back
Card 5
Front
When was the National Liberation Front created? What was it?
Comments
No comments have yet been made