What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
Changes in energy levels
Disruption to sleep and eating behaviour Aggression and self-harm
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What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
The emotional characteristics of depression are lowered mood, anger and lowered self-esteem.
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What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
The cognitive characteristics of depression are poor concentration, attending to/dwelling on the negative and absolutist thinking.
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What are the two cognitive explanations of depression?
Ellis' (1962) ABC model and Beck's (1967) negtive triad.
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What does Ellis (1962) suggest causes poor mental health?
Ellis suggests that poor mental health is a result of irrational thoughts, which are thoughts that interfere with us being happy and free from pain.
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Explain Ellis' (1962) ABC model of depression.
A - activation event triggers irrational beliefs.
B - beliefs can be rational or irrational.
C - irrational beliefs can have emotional and behavioural consequences (trigger depression).
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What did Beck (1967) suggest causes depression?
Beck (1967) suggested that people’s negative cognitions (negative interpretations/thinking) make them vulnerable to depression.
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Explain Beck's (1967) negative triad.
There are three types of negative views: of the world, the future, and the self. They reduce hopefulness, enhance depression and confirm existing emotions of low self-esteem.
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What are the strengths of Beck's (1967) negative triad?
Strengths of Beck's negative triad:
development of CBT and research support.
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What research supports Beck's (1967) negative triad?
Cohen et al. (2019) tracked the development of 473 adolescents, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability to depression. They found that those who were judged as highly cognitively vulnerable were more likely to develop depression.
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What is a strength of Ellis' (1962) ABC model?
Ellis' ABC model has led to the development of REBT to treat depression, which involves a therapist arguing with a depressed person to alter irrational thoughts.
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What is one limitation of cognitive explanations of depression?
Not all depressed people have distorted perceptions.
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What is one limitation of Beck's negative triad?
Beck's negative triad ignores the importance of negative life events.
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What are the limitations of Ellis' ABC model?
Ellis' ABC model only explains reactive depression and not endogenous depression and blames the depressed person for their irrational thoughts.
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What is the difference between reactive and endogenous depression?
Reactive depression is triggered by negative life events whereas endogenous depression is not caused by a particular life event and it is unclear what leads a person to become depressed.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
Back
The emotional characteristics of depression are lowered mood, anger and lowered self-esteem.
Card 3
Front
What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the two cognitive explanations of depression?
Back
Card 5
Front
What does Ellis (1962) suggest causes poor mental health?
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