Classification

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  • Created by: charley
  • Created on: 29-08-18 16:22
Phylogenic classification
Reflecting evolutionary relatedness and grouping organisms as a result. It's discrete and hierarchal
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Phylogenic tree
A diagram showing evolutionary decent
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Natural classification
The classification of living organisms based on decent
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Hierarchy
A system in which smaller groups are components of larger groups
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Taxon
A taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class.
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The hierarchy of biological classification
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus then species
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How are domains defined?
On the basis of rRNA base sequences and similarities in DNA base sequences
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The 3 domains
Eubacteria (familiar prokaryotes), Archaea (prokaryotes with an unusual metabolism), Eukaruota (eukaryotes)
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How are kingdoms defined?
They classify organisms on the basis of their physical appearance
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The 5 kingdoms
Prokaryota, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
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How are phylums defined?
They classify organisms with a distinct body plan
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What is a genus?
A group of similar organisms that cannot interbreed
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What is a species?
A group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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Homologous structures
Have a similar arrangement of components and a similar developmental origin but different functions and show divergent evolution
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Analogous structures
Have a corresponding function and similar shape but a different developmental origin and show convergent evolution
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Morphological
The visual similarity of two organisms
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Methods of assessing relatedness with genetic evidence
DNA base sequences, DNA hybridisation, amino acid sequences and immunology
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The binomial system
Uses the genus and the species as the name providing unambiguous naming, a universal language and indicates when species are closely related.
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Taxonomy
The identification and the naming of organisms
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A diagram showing evolutionary decent

Back

Phylogenic tree

Card 3

Front

The classification of living organisms based on decent

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A system in which smaller groups are components of larger groups

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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