Eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls, heterotrophic. Examples: Mammals
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Discontinuous variation
Two or more distinct categories, no intermediates, shown on bar charts with gaps.
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Continuous variation
Individuals of a population vary within a range. There are no distinct categories.
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Genetic variation
Caused by inherited factors. Examples: blood group.
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Environmental variation
Caused by differences in the environment. Examples: accent, pierced ears.
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Genetic and environmental variation
Genetic factors are ones which an organism is born with, but environmental factors influence how these develop.
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Interspecific variation
Between different species.
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Intraspecific variation
Within a species.
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Adaptation
Characteristics that increase an organisms chance of survival and reproduction in it's environment.
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Anatomical adaptation
Structural features of an organism's body that increase its chance of survival.
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Behavioural adaptation
Ways an organism acts that increase its chance of survival.
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Physiological adaptation
Processes inside an organisms body that increases its chance of survival.
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Convergent evolution
When two species evolve similar characteristics independently of one another.
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Comparative biochemistry
Study of the similarities and differences in the proteins. If two species are related, the molecular sequence is compared of a particular amino acid. Allows estimation of last common ancestor.
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Evolution
Organisms produce more offspring than survive. There is variation in the population of species. Individuals best adapted to environment are more likely to survive. They pass their genes on.
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Natural selection
Individuals show variation in their phenotypes. Selection pressures create a struggle for survival. Mutations mean some are better suited than others. These are more likely to survive to reproduce. Overtime advantages adaptation increases.
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Dichotomous key
Divided into two parts. E.g. yes or no answers which lead to a certain outcome.
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Divergent evolution
Accumulation of differences between groups which leads to new species formation.
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Homologous Structure
Similar anatomy, but dissimilar functions. They are inherited from a common ancestor.
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Analogous Structure.
Same function, similar appearance, but they have not evolved together. Evidence for convergent evolution.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The second biggest and broadest taxonomic group.
Back
Kingdom
Card 3
Front
A group of similar organisms which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Back
Card 4
Front
The action of arranging plants and animals into the taxonomic groups based on their observed similarities.
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