Involves the addition of an extra vowel sound to the end; so adult 'egg' might be pronounced 'egu'.
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Assimilation
This happens when one consonant or vowel becomes similar to another, as in 'gog' for 'dog'.
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Communicative Competence
Coined by Del Hymes re: the skills associated with conversation e.g. when and how to speak.
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Deletion
Children will often simplify pronunciation by deleting certain sounds.
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De-voicing
Use of a de-voiced (voiceless) consonant instead of a voiced one' i.e. [t] instead of [d], or [s] instead of [z].
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Diphthong
A two-part vowel such as 'au' or 'ou'.
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Expressive
Also known as scribble talk. The baby makes long strings of babbled jargon sounds which sound like normal conversation.
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Fricative sounds
Where ther is a vibration whilst air is released, such as [f], [z] or [s] - e.g the 's' in pleasure.
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Function
This is a more technical word for the purpose of an utterance.
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Gurgling
When babies are 6-8 weeks old they make sounds like 'coo;, 'goo' or 'ga-ga'.
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Holophrase
A one-word utterance / sentence that conveys meaning. E.g. 'dada' or 'hot'.
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Inflections
These are parts of words (morphological markers) that show some grammatical function like past tense (-ed), or plural (-s).
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Innate
Anything which is innate is present from birth and is presumed to be biologically programmed. Derived from the French word 'nass'.
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Intonation and stress
The intonation of an utterance can be determined by factors like which word is stressed or whether or not the pitch rises or falls. E.g. rising intonation often indicates a question.
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Lexis
Another term for vocabulary
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Linguistic competence
Chomsky's term for a person's underlying knowledge of linguistic rules. It is the knowledge that enables people to create new sentences.
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Over-extension
A word is given a broader, more general meaning than it should have.
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Over-regularisation
Applying regular verb tenses to irregular verbs, e.g. he drived, he goed or using a regular plural - s to irregular plural forms e.g. sheeps, mouses.
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Phoneme
This is the smallest unit of sound that makes a difference to the meaning of a word. A long or short 'a' can make the difference between 'cat' and 'cart'.
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Phonemic expansion
During the babbling phrase, the number or different sounds produced by a child increases initially.
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Phonemic contraction
At 9-10 months reduction begins to occur.
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Pragmatics
This is the study of the way language functions in society, often with unspoken rules of communication. A child with perfect grammar but with no knowledge of pragmatics would not know what language is used for. Language use in a particular context or situ
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Pre-linguistic
This is usually the time before a baby's first word is uttered.
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Reduplication
The repetition of a whole syllable, as in 'choo choo' or 'moo moo'. This has become a recognised feature of 'baby talk'. Also refers to babbling.
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Semantics
This is the study of linguistic meaning or the meaning of words.In the field of language acquisition semantic development looks at how children's meaning differ form adults'. E.g. when a child uses 'dog' to mean any animal with four legs.
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Stages
In language acquisition studies a stage is a period in a child's development characterised by certain linguistic features. Gordon Wells offers this advice "...'referring; to stages is nothing more than a convenient way to describe the child's development.
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Substitution
Another form of simplification which involves substituting easier sounds for harder ones. E.g. [r] in rock becomes [w].
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Syntax
This refers to the rules for combining words in English.
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Turn-taking
This refers to the tendency for people in conversation to take turns to speak. Linguists are interested in uncovering the rules that govern this behaviour.
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Under-extension
A common semantic error made by children when a word is given a narrower meaning than it should have.
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Voicing
This refers to the vibration of the vocal chords to produce the difference between [z] and [s].
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
This happens when one consonant or vowel becomes similar to another, as in 'gog' for 'dog'.
Back
Assimilation
Card 3
Front
Coined by Del Hymes re: the skills associated with conversation e.g. when and how to speak.
Back
Card 4
Front
Children will often simplify pronunciation by deleting certain sounds.
Back
Card 5
Front
Use of a de-voiced (voiceless) consonant instead of a voiced one' i.e. [t] instead of [d], or [s] instead of [z].
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