Child psychology: Intelligence (biological)

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  • Created by: Rosa335
  • Created on: 20-06-17 21:33
What did Spearman suggest?
General cognitive ability (g) is what we commonly call intelligence
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What did Cattell (1942) suggest?
There are over 100 skills which someone uses when they are planning what to do and this might be considered intelligence. Intelligence = what you do when you don't know something instead of what you know
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What is fluid intelligence (gf) and who suggested it?
Cattell, a biological or innate ability and is fairly statistic, not much influenced by environment
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What is crystallised intelligence (gc) and who suggested it?
Cattell: What we have learned and assimilated and is often tested by IQ tests in terms of knowledge use of language and acquired skills
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Who investigated GC and GF further?
Horn (1967)
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What did Horn find?
GF tended to be higher for younger adults than older adults while gc was generally higher for older adults
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What did Horn's findings suggest?
Fluid intelligence are lost as we age but GC increases as we age. GC can be related to verbal knowledge whereas gf is more linked to concept info, problem solving, numerical memory and inductive reasoning
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Who investigated emotional intelligence (EI)?
Goleman (1996)
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What did Goleman find and suggest?
2 emotional aspects of EI: understanding yourself - understanding others and their feelings. Sees bio as a powerful tool in EI. We can rewire our brain connections to develop new behaviour
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Outline brain differences between males and females and when these are visible
males have fewer but thicker white matter fibres and more neuron efficiency during spatial tasks, females have more neuron efficiency in tasks during verbal skills.
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How much do genetics contribute to intelligence and who investigated this?
somewhere between 25% and 50% (Van Leeuwen)
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What did Lucas (1998) find?
preterm babies who were breastfed had higher cognitive skills at age 7.5 particularly in language based cognitive skills, than bottle-fed preterm babies
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What did Der (2006) find?
breastfeeding had little to no impact on a child's intelligence in full-term babies.
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Who investigated the influence of nutrition on intelligence?
Schoenthaler (1991)
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What did schoenthaler find?
children who lacked a nutritious diet IQ scores were most improved by a daily vitamin and mineral supplement compared to those given a placebo. Children who were poorly nourished gained at least 15 IQ points. (only on non-verbal tests)
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Who investigated stress during pregnancy as a factor on intelligence?
King et al (2008)
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What did King find?
children aged 5 who had mothers who reported being highly stressed by the storm on average scored 15 IQ points lower than other local children whose mothers experienced less stress
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Outline a strength of the Raven's Progressive Matrices
Easier to administer and interpret, often used for children as it doesn't rely on language, not culturally biased
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What do ppts have to do in the Raven's Progressive Matrices
select object that finishes pattern
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What does the Raven's Progressive Matrices test?
Fluid intelligence
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What 3 versions of the Raven's Progressive Matrices are there?
Colour progressive matrices (4-7, elderly) 36 items mostly in colour. Standard progressive matrices (7-18) 60 items in black and white, advanced progressive matrices (adults) 48 tests (12 practice 36 tests)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did Cattell (1942) suggest?

Back

There are over 100 skills which someone uses when they are planning what to do and this might be considered intelligence. Intelligence = what you do when you don't know something instead of what you know

Card 3

Front

What is fluid intelligence (gf) and who suggested it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is crystallised intelligence (gc) and who suggested it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who investigated GC and GF further?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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