Day 1 to 5- Menstruation- the uterus shreds its linning together with the unfertilised egg (bleeding). Day 6 to 15- Repair phase- the uterus develops a new linning. Day 14- Ovulation- an egg is released from one of the ovaries.
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The Menstrual cycle continued
Day 16 to 21- Receptive phase- uterus is ready to receive a fertilised egg. Day 22 to 28- Premenstrual phase- if the egg is not fertilised then the linning of the uterus break down again.
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Female hormones
Oestrogen- develop female organs, Stimulate release of eggs and thicken the uterus. FSH/LH-stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen. Prolactin- controls milk production. Progestrone- Needed to prepare for ovulation, conception and pregnancy.
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Female hormones continued
Oxytocin- Stimulates the uterus to contact during labour.HCG-Hormone produced by placenta after fertilisation, Stimulates ovaries to produce higher levels of oestrogen and progestrone to sustain pregnancy.
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Fertilisation
Step 1: sperm meet the egg in the fallopian tube. Step 2: one sperm penetrates the eggs outer membrane. Step 3: The sperm joins the egg, Step 4: The fertillised egg travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus and divides into cells.
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keywords
Conception- to become pregnant ***********- the release of sperm from the penis Embryo- the name given to the fertilised egg after implantation Frttilisation- the fushing of the nuclei of the egg and the sperm Zygote- a fertilised egg
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keywords continued
Implantation- when the fertilised egg becomes attached to the uterus lining,Infertility- inable to conceive,Menstruation- a flow of blood that occurs monthly,Ovulation- when an egg is released from an ovary,Pregancy-time between conception and birth
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what are the 5 reasons for infertility?
1) Ovualtion not taking place 2) a women having blocked fallopian tubes 3) the womens cervical mucus being unusally thick 4) the man having a low sperm count or blocked sperm duct 5) cancer treatment
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treatments for infrtility
Drug Therapy, Surgery, AI,IVF,Egg donation, Embryo donation, GIFT and ICSI
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Signs of pregnancy
Missed period, need to pass urine more often, Nauseau and vomiting. These are caused by the increase in progestrone and symptoms pass.
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other symptoms of pregnancy
Backache, swollen ankles, cramps, constipation, anaemia, heartburn, feeling faint, strech marks, high blood pressure and varicose veins
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problems with pregnancy
A Miscarriage, An Abortion, A still birth and an eptopic pregnancy
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what is a multiple birth?
where a women has two or more babies
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what are fraternal twins?
fraternal twins can be the same sex or different. they are non- identical.
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what are identical twins?
twins that have been formed from a single fertilised egg.
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what are conjoined twins?
there are two theories: the egg divides late and does not divide completely the egg divides completely but then joins back together
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the development of the embryo
the embryo develops blood, bone and muscles and the heart starts beating at around three weeks after contreception
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development of the foetus
after eight weeks the embryo id called the foetus. all the main organs of the body are forming.
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function of the placenta
provide the foetus with nutrients, provide oxygen to the foetus, remove carbon dioxide produced by the foetus and excrete waste materials
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function of the amniotic sac
the foetus develops in the amniotic sac
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function of the umbical cord
the cord contains blood vessels that carry to and from the placenta to the foetus
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The Menstrual cycle continued
Back
Day 16 to 21- Receptive phase- uterus is ready to receive a fertilised egg. Day 22 to 28- Premenstrual phase- if the egg is not fertilised then the linning of the uterus break down again.
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