Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
1 of 25
Do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Yes. They have the same number of electrons giving them the same electronic configuration.
2 of 25
Give the five stages in a mass spectrometer
vapourisation, ionisatoin, accelaration, deflection and detection.
3 of 25
Why must a sample be ionised in a mass spec?
To give it a positive charge meaning it can be accelarated through the negative plates, be deflected and then detected where it loses its charge.
4 of 25
How is the abundance of an isotope determind in a mass spec?
The ions strike the negative collector inducing a current which is relevent to the abundance. The bigger the current the more abundant the isotope is.
5 of 25
Name the 4 subshells and how many orbitals are within each subshell.
S, P, D and F. S=2 P=6 D=10 F=14
6 of 25
Why do group 6 elements deviate from the trend across the period?
The ionisation energy is lower because the electrons have paired up in the p oribital and repel eachother making them easier to remove.
7 of 25
What is the trend in ionisation energy across a period and down a group?
Across it in increases, down it decreases.
8 of 25
Why does ionisation energy increase across a period?
Because there is an increasing proton number across a group increasing the nuclear charge between the nucleaus and outer electron. Shielding remains the same.
9 of 25
Why does ionisation energy decrease down a group?
Atomic radius increases down the group increasing the number of shells meaning shielding increases making it easier to remove the outer electron.
10 of 25
Why is the ionisation energy of aluminium less than that of magnesium?
Because the outer electron in aluminium is in the 3p orbital which is higher in energy than the 3s orbital making it easier to remove the electron.
11 of 25
State the ideal gas equation.
pV=nRT
12 of 25
In the ideal gas equation what unit must PRESSURE be in?
P.
13 of 25
In the ideal gas equation what unit must VOLUME be in?
m3.
14 of 25
In the ideal gas equation what unit must TEMPERATURE be in?
K.
15 of 25
State the equation for %atom economy.
%atom economy=mass of desired/total mass of reactants x100
16 of 25
State the equation for %yield.
%yield=actual mass/theorietical mass x100
17 of 25
State the equation for %error.
%error=error/given mass x100
18 of 25
What is formed when you oxidise ethanol to ethanal?
An aldehyde.
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What is formed when you oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid?
A carboxylic acid.
20 of 25
Secondary alcohols are oxidised to ketones. Can they be oxidised further?
No.
21 of 25
Primary alcohols are oxidised to aldehydes. Can they be oxidised further?
Yes, to a carboxlyic acid.
22 of 25
Which tests tell aldehydes and ketones apart?
Tollens's silver mirror test and the Fehling's/Benedicts test
23 of 25
Describe the Tollens test.
Tollens is a solution of silver nitrate in aquous ammonia. Oxidises aldehydes but NOT ketones. Contains colourless complex silver ions which are reduced to metallic silver. On heating metallic silver deposits on test tube sides.
24 of 25
Describe the Fehling/benedicts test.
They both contain blue copper ions which oxides aldehydes but not ketones. On heating the blue solution will turn brick red if an aldehyde is present.
25 of 25
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Back
Yes. They have the same number of electrons giving them the same electronic configuration.
Card 3
Front
Give the five stages in a mass spectrometer
Back
Card 4
Front
Why must a sample be ionised in a mass spec?
Back
Card 5
Front
How is the abundance of an isotope determind in a mass spec?
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