Chapter 5 - Psychopathology

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  • Created by: IB122
  • Created on: 10-04-16 11:09
S O V Y J F H A V Q X L K D Y A F E M W O
T M I H Y I C O N N A S B F K U Q B L E S
A U I C G Y A P P O I O E I G N D B M L D
T E D A M W O E H I R G H N I O N M D B H
I R B O W O R R F T R H A Y Q I F W H M O
S R R R N D P A N A A H V P M T J V C D E
T D J P I A P N K N T K I A V A B B S P L
I A F P H I A T T A I N O R V N F Y R X N
C I S A Q E L C F L O O U E R A D F V G N
A R T E T K A O G P N X R H M L E Q F H B
L T C V A K C N N X A E A T X P V N S F C
D E Q I I H I D K E L F L G U X C R L K B
E V K T E W G I N C T K A U F E C E C X I
V I U I A P O T I I H S P R W L H B P C S
I T D N S J L I A T O M P D X A C M H X J
A A G G Y E O O W E U V R K W R H J C C X
T G G O K W I N G N G Y O G N U G F P A D
I E E C O J B I X E H N A R U E C D K R A
O N O J F B I N E G T V C N T N R V A F I
N K V E J S W G C N S Q H N L B H Q L U O
M Y I J O M B A O H K H S Y G C F M U K U

Clues

  • A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Possible consequences of behaviour include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment (can be positive or negative) (7, 12)
  • A perspective that emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body such as genetic inheritance and neural functions (10, 8)
  • A way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning (11, 8)
  • Also called dysfunctional thoughts. In Ellis' model and therapy, these are defined as thoughts that are likely to interfere with a person's happiness such dysfunctional thoughts lead to mental disorders such as depression (10, 8)
  • Beck proposed three kinds of negative thinking that contributed to becoming depressed. Negative views of the world, the future and self. These views lead to interpreting their experiences in a negative way and make them more vulnerable to depression (8, 5)
  • Genes make up chromosomes and consist for DNA which codes for physical features in organisms (eye coulour/height) and psychological features (mental disorder/intelligence). Transmitted from parents to offspring i.e. inheritance (7, 11)
  • Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic. For example being more depressed or less intelligent than most of the population (11, 9)
  • The term cognitive has come to mean mental processes so this approach is focussed on how our mental processes (e.g. thoughts, perceptions and attention) affect behaviour (9, 8)
  • The view that physical and psychological characteristics are determined by the behaviour of the nervous system in particular the brain as well as infividual neurons (6, 11)
  • Treatment involving drugs i.e. chemicals that have a particular effect on the functioning of the brain or some other body system. In the case of psychological disorders, such drugs affect neurotransmitter levels (4, 7)

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