Challenges for the Planet

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  • Created by: RGV17
  • Created on: 04-02-17 18:14
When was the last ice age?
8000BC.
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What were the years where there were two warm periods and a colder spell?
Between 7000BC and 4000BC.
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How long did the Medieval warm period last?
950AD to 1250AD.
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How long did the little ice age last?
About 1300AD to 1800AD.
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How much is the projected rapid increase from 2000AD to 2500AD?
From 5 to 7.5 degrees celsius.
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What is Solar Output(factor causing climate change)?
Energy from the Sun. An external factor. Effect: 1% in change in the solar output could make the temp. rise or fall by between 0.5 to 1 degrees. There was reduced sunspot activity during the Little Ice Age.
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What is Orbital Geometry(factor causing climate change)?
The shape of the earth orbit changes from circular to elliptical every 95,000 years. Tilt of the earth's axis changes from 21.5 to 24.5 degrees over 4100 years. It's an external factor. Circular shape: Colder. Elliptical shape: Warmer.
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What is Volcanic Activity(factor causing climate change)?
Volcanic eruptions release SO2 and ash into the atmosphere. It's an internal factor. SO2 is released which causes acid rain. Ash cools the climate and blocks sunlight.
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What is Surface Relfection(factor causing climate change)?
In cooler periods there's more snow and ice. These reflect sunlight back to space. It's an internal factor. It makes the global temperature rise but if the planet warms up, ice and snow will diminish and the Earth continues to get warmer.
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What is Change in Atmospheric Gas(factor causing climate change)?
The increase in CO2 causing the greenhouse effect by absorbing long-wave radiation.It keeps the heat within the Earth's atmosphere, without it the Earth temperature would be -18 instead of the present 15 degrees celsius.
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Explain how the burning of fossil fuels causes climate change?
Produced form coal, oil and natural gas, when fossil fuels are burned gases are released which build up in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect causing climate change. 25% of global CO2 emissions come from fossil fuels.
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What is methane as a greenhouse gas?
It traps heat within the Earth's atmosphere, makes up 20% of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and 20 times more potent than CO2.
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What is fossil methane?
Formed underground years ago. Comes to the surface when fossil fuels are mixed.
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What are the sources of methane?
Growing of rice. Wetlands. Burning vegetation. Bowels of animals,
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Why is the levels of methane rising?
Increased mining of fossil fuels. Increased rice production. Rising temperature- Bacteria emissions from wetlands. Increase in the number of cattle and sheep.
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What were the global agreements between nations when dealing with climate change?
Kyoto Conference(Protocol) December 1997- Cut emissions by 5.2% compared to 1990 levels. Paris Conference (December 2015)- Limiting global average temperature to 2 degree celsius.
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What are actions of non-governmental organisations when dealing with climate change?
Organisations such as Greenpeace do campaigns, initiatives and programs to raise awareness.
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What are the actions of schools and businesses when dealing with climate change?
International Award Programme. 'Make Schools Sustainable'. 'Live Simply'. They 'power down' classrooms and calculate the school carbon footprint. E.g. of businesses: 'BT' and 'Walkers'- Carbon reduction label.
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What are the actions of local councils when dealing with climate change?
Communities work together- reducing their own emissions by raising awareness. Slough works with Shadow Health and Well-being to create a climate change strategy for each sector to reduce emissions.
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What are the actions of local interest groups when dealing with climate change?
Encourage individuals to lower their carbon footprint. 20,000 aim to lower CO2 emissions. Greenbadge parking scheme. Newsletters.
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What does ASDA/Wal-Mart do to be sustainable?
Before, products were wrapped in shrink wrap which was sent in skips four times a week and put in landfills. Mil-tek created a machine bales plastic. The waste plastic is crushed into 10%of its original size. Now it's recycled and receive money.
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What does Nokia do to be sustainable?
50% of people change phones every year. 44% never use it again. The phones can be recycled into trumpets or benches. Saves 214,000 tonnes of raw materials. Give info to customers on how to it works and makes them more sustainable.
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What does General Electric do to be sustainable?
It's a large operational company in different countries. In 2012, they reduced water usage by 20%. Saving 1.4 million cubic metres of water. In boilers and cooling towers, water will be recycled.
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How is Cameroon's rainforest being exploited?
Areas of Cameroon have been used for wood production. Roads built by logging companies allow illegal loggers to enter and mammals even get killed for their meat. The locals unknowingly show them the best trees and are put in unsafe working conditions
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What is the management of the tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea?
Kikori Basim- Managing butterfly and fish farming. Greenpeace set up work for the locals by selling 'Tapa' cloth.
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What are the advantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea?
Multiple areas will be conserved and locals will have a form of income.
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What are the disadvantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Papua New Guinea?
The fish farming has caused the reduction of fish. There's a restriction of access for tourists.
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What is the management of the tropical rainforest in Madagascar?
They have carbon offsets of 9 million tonnes(carbon credits).
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What are the advantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Madagascar?
Sustainable. Fights global warming. Help economy. Conserve wildlife. Protects lemurs.
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What is the disadvantage of the management of the tropical rainforest in Madagascar?
Doesn't stop carbon from being emitted.
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What is the management of the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica in the national park?
Biological reserves conserves the coastline. Osa Conservation.Lowland rainforests.
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What is the advantage of the management of the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica in the national park?
Protects the endangered species.
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What are the disadvantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica in the national park?
There's still illegal mining and logging. Tourism damages species and habitats. No money for local people.
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What is the management of the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica in ecotourism?
Developing tourist facilities. 10% protected. 17% legally. La Leana Ecolodge.
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What are the advantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica in ecotourism?
Raises awareness. Environmental work. Low carbon footprint. Local sources.
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What is the disadvantage of the management of the tropical rainforest in Costa Rica in ecotourism?
To build the lodge. some of the rainforest has to be cut down.
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What is the management of the tropical rainforest in Ecuador?
Texaco offers to pay $40 milllion. Maxus- $60 million(clean=up).Underground pipelies. Off-shore model: Treats the ocean like an ocean.
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What are the advantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Ecuador?
Builds schools and it's an attempt to help the economy. Clean up pollution. Forest can re-grow, no roads are built.
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What are the disadvantages of the management of the tropical rainforest in Ecuador?
Not enough money for clean-up: $6 billion needed. Forests needs to be destroyed.
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What is the congestion charges scheme?
Singapore, Oslo, London and Stockholm. £11.50 a day, 7am-6pm, Mon-Fri, £130 penalty, £65 if paid in 65 days. Pay by mobile or auto-pay. Introduced in London in 2003.
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What are the advantages of the congestion charges scheme?
Reduced number of vehicles and traffic levels have been reduced by 21%. 65,000 fewer journeys a day, increase of 29,000 bus passengers, 12% increase in cycle journeys, 12% reduction in the emission of nitrogen oxide.
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What are the disadvantages of the congestion charges scheme?
Hasn't reduced journey time. Congestion didn't improve-2003, 3.4 min/km. 2009:3.6 min/km. Increases traffic on other modes of transport and unfair on locals.
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What is the park and ride scheme?
Cambridge and Oxford. £3.70 a day. Cars park in a designated area and catch a bus. Operates in 87 towns. Cambridge: 4,500 parking spaces available, security systems and waiting rooms.
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What are the advantages of the park and ride scheme?
Financially effective, lots of space for parking, reduces traffic in the urban areas and there will be less congestion.
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What are the disadvantages of the park and ride scheme?
Shoppers have to carry bags, overcrowding on buses, not everyone will use it.
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What is the cycle hire scheme?
Paris and London. Costs £23 a year, rental fee; free for the first half hour, each velibs is about 7 times a day, average journey time is 18 minutes, 1,250 stations, 42 million journeys.
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What are the advantages of the cycle hire scheme?
Ideal solution to reduce congestion and polluting effects on cars, profited by 20 million Euros in the first year.
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What are the disadvantages of the cycle hire scheme?
Five velib users have been killed, occupied thousands of spaces which used to be on-street parking, 7,800 bikes have vanished, 11,600 bikes have been vandalised.
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What is the number plates scheme?
Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Santiago and Beijing. Restricts traffic to an urban area based upon the last digits of the license number, they can ban on certain days or even peak hours.
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What are the advantages of the number plates scheme?
Reduces urban air pollution and peak urban travel demands.
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What are the disadvantages of the number plates scheme?
Doesn't encourage cleaner filter for catalysts, not everyone follows the scheme.
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Card 2

Front

What were the years where there were two warm periods and a colder spell?

Back

Between 7000BC and 4000BC.

Card 3

Front

How long did the Medieval warm period last?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How long did the little ice age last?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How much is the projected rapid increase from 2000AD to 2500AD?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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