the ease that a liquid turns into a gas. it increases as boiling point decreases.
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reflux
the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.
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esterification
the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.
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dehydration
an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.
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hydrolysis
a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.
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nucleophilic substitution
a type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
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limiting reagent
the substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first.
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molecular ion
the positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron.
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fragmentation
the process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragment ion.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry.
Back
reflux
Card 3
Front
the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water.
Back
Card 4
Front
an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule.
Back
Card 5
Front
a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.
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