Cell signalling
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Julieterose00
- Created on: 31-01-17 22:54
Why do cells need to communicate with each other?
to control processes inside the body and respond to changes in the environment
1 of 36
how does cell signalling work?
One cell releases a messenger molecule, the molecule travels in the blood to another cell. The messenger molecule binds to receptor on its cell membrane.
2 of 36
what are membrane bound receptors?
proteins in cell membrane which act as receptors for messenger molecule.
3 of 36
Why can messenger molecules only bind to a specific molecule?
Due to them having to bind to something which has a complementary shape.
4 of 36
what is a target cell?
A cell that responds to a particular messenger molecule
5 of 36
how do some drugs use cell signalling?
some drugs work by binding to receptor in cell membrane, either triggering response in cell or block the receptor and prevent it from working.
6 of 36
What is the effect of temperature below 0 degrees on membrane permeability?
Membrane permeability increases.
7 of 36
Why does membrane permeability increase below 0 degrees?
phospholipids cannot move much as little energy. They're packed closely together and membrane rigid. proteins in membrane deform. Ice crystals might make membrane more permable if pierce membrane.
8 of 36
Why does membrane permeability increase between 0-45 degrees?
phospholipis not packed as closely together and can move round more. Makes membrane partially permeable.
9 of 36
What happens to the bilayer above 45 degrees?
phospholipids begin to melt, makes membrane more permable. water in cell expands and proteins in cells deform so cannot control what does in/out of cell.
10 of 36
Why does surrounding cells in solvent increase the permeability of the membrane?
the solvent dissolves the lipid and makes it lose structure.
11 of 36
what effect does increasing the concentration of a solvent around a membrane have on its permability?
Increases the permeability.
12 of 36
What does every nucleotide contain?
a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
13 of 36
what are ADP and ATP?
used for storing and transporting energy in a cell.
14 of 36
what sugar is in DNA?
deoxyribose
15 of 36
what sugar is in RNA?
ribose
16 of 36
What type of base is ademine and guamine?
a purine base; 2 carbon rings joined together
17 of 36
what type of base is thymine and cystine?
a pyramidine base; one carbon ring
18 of 36
how many polynucleotide chains does one molecule of DNA contain?
Two.
19 of 36
how many polynucleotide chains is RNA made up of?
one
20 of 36
what are ADP and ATP?
Phosphorlated nucleotides
21 of 36
how are ADP and ATP produced?
by adding an extra phosphate group to nucleotides
22 of 36
what molecules does ADP consist of?
an adenine sugar, a ribose sugar and 2 phosphate groups
23 of 36
what molecules does ATP consist of?
consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups
24 of 36
What is the function of ATP?
provides energy for chemical reactions in cell
25 of 36
Give some of the functions of cell plasma membranes
barrier between cell and environment, control what enters and leaves cell, allow recognition by other cells and allow cell signalling
26 of 36
Name the components of the cell plasma membrane
phospholipids, cholestral molecules, channel and carrier proteins, glycolipids and glycoproteins
27 of 36
Name some of the functions of glycolipids and glycoproteins
stablise membrane by forming hydogen blonds with water molecules, sites where drugs, antibodies and receptors bind. are antigens and receptors for cell signalling.
28 of 36
how does cholesterol make the membrane less fluid?
It fits inbetween phospholipids and binds to hydrophobic tails, causing them to pack closer together.
29 of 36
which part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic, the head or the tail?
The tail.
30 of 36
How do phopspholipids arrange themselves in the bilayer?
with hydrophiliic heads facing outwards and hydrophobic tails inwards
31 of 36
Why does the bilayer act as barrier for all substances except those that are fat soluble?
Due to middle of bilayer being hydrophobic- repels any water soluble substances.
32 of 36
Give some of the functions of membranes within cells
act as barrier between organelle and cytoplasm, make different functions more efficient, can form vesicles and control what enters and leaves cells. Can be sites of reactions in cells.
33 of 36
what is the fluid mosaic model?
model which describes arrangement of molecules in cell surface membrane
34 of 36
what is a glycoprotein?
protein with carbohydrate chain attached
35 of 36
what is a glycolipid?
lipid with carbohydrate chain attached
36 of 36
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
how does cell signalling work?
Back
One cell releases a messenger molecule, the molecule travels in the blood to another cell. The messenger molecule binds to receptor on its cell membrane.
Card 3
Front
what are membrane bound receptors?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why can messenger molecules only bind to a specific molecule?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is a target cell?
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
- What is DNA repair »
- biology gcse help »
- Personal statement help for biological natural sciences »
- I enjoy chem practicals more than bio practicals. Is a chem degree right for me? »
- Vet med or biochem? »
- How to answer 6-mark questions in A-Level Biology? »
- AQA Biology essay »
- MRes Programmes - Faculty of Medical Sciences 2022 »
- Medicine and biochem »
- Switching Durham course »
Similar Biology resources:
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
4.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
2.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Comments
No comments have yet been made