Calcium regulation & the parathyroid gland

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1. vitamin D is obtained from sun (UV on skin), food, supplements, but where is it made (subsequent to needing w hydroxylation reactions to be activated?

  • cholesterol
  • Alfacalcidol
  • Calcitriol
  • thyroid glands
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2. treatment for osteoporosis

  • bisphosphonates
  • benzodiazepines

3. name for bone-forming cells
Secrete osteoid (forms bone matrix)
Also begin mineralisation

  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoclasts

4. effect of PTH on PLASMA Ca2+ LEVELS

  • increase
  • decrease

5. what's untrue of HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

  • Treatment: dehydration, i.v. trisphosphonates, calcitonin (moderate cases), treat underlying cause
  • Due to excess PTH secreted from:
    Benign tumour of one of 4 glands or
    Hyperplasia of all 4 glands
  • Calcium homeostatic loss due to excessive PTH secretion
  • Hypercalcaemia results, from combined excessive effects of:
    PTH-induced bone resorption
    intestinal calcium absorption
    renal tubular reabsorption
  • Treatment: rehydration, i.v. bisphosphonates, calcitonin (moderate cases), treat underlying cause
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