40.Animal Hormones
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- Created by: kpaul1234
- Created on: 21-05-21 10:50
State the function of paracrines
hormones that act on cells near the sit of their release
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State the function of autocrine
hormones that act of the secreting cell itself
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State the function of endocrine glands
cells that aggregate into secretory organs
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State the function of exocrine glands
have ducts release their secretions into the gut, etc.
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State the function of neurohormones
neurotransmitters that diffuse into the blood
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State the function of peptide/protein hormones
protein hormones are packed in vesicles within the cells that make them and they're released by exocytosis.
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State the function of steroid hormones
made from steroid cholesterol, lipid soluble, easily pass through cell membranes. steroid hormones diffuse out of the cells that make them and are usually bound to carrier molecules in the blood. receptors are mostly intracellular.
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State the function of amine hormones
made from amino acid tyrosin. some amine hormones are water-soluble/ some lipid-soluble. modes of release differ.
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State the function of epinephrine
flight or flight response. secreted by the adrenal glands.
-causes faster heartrate. binds to receptors in blood vessels. blood is diverted to muscles
-liver: stimulate breakdown of glycogen into glucose
-fatty tissue: breakdown fats to make fatty acids f
-causes faster heartrate. binds to receptors in blood vessels. blood is diverted to muscles
-liver: stimulate breakdown of glycogen into glucose
-fatty tissue: breakdown fats to make fatty acids f
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State the function of norepinephrine
alpha-2 receptors down regulate cAMP by inhibiting adenyl cyclase
alpha-1 receptors activate phospholipase C
alpha-1 receptors activate phospholipase C
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State the function of the anterior pituitary gland
forms from the in pocketing of the roof of the mouth--Rathke's pouch
releases tropic proteins to control and stimulate activities of other endocrine glands
releases tropic proteins to control and stimulate activities of other endocrine glands
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State the function of posterior pituitary gland
an extension of the hypothalamus and therefore is made of neural tissue
releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
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State the function of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
increases water conservation in the kidney
stimulates increased water channels in the collecting ducts
stimulates increased water channels in the collecting ducts
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State the function of vasopressin
another name for ADH because it causes blood vessel constriction to help elevate blood pressure
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State the function of oxytocin
stimulates uterine smooth muscles contraction for the birth process and milk flow in the mother's breasts
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State the function of tropic hormones
Control/stimulate activities of other endocrine proteins
Thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone
Thyrotropin, adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone
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State the function of the Growth Hormone (GH)
acts on tissues to promote growth
stimulates cells to take up amino
stimulates the liver to produce chemical messages that stimulate bond and cartilage
overproduction causes gigantism
underproduction causes dwarfism
stimulates cells to take up amino
stimulates the liver to produce chemical messages that stimulate bond and cartilage
overproduction causes gigantism
underproduction causes dwarfism
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State the function of Endorphins
body's natural opiate--reduce pain
neurotransmitter in the brain
neurotransmitter in the brain
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State the function of Enkephalins
body's natural opiate--reduce pain
neurotransmitter in the brain
neurotransmitter in the brain
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State the function of portal blood vessels
connect the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary to transport neurohormones
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State the function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
hormone from the hypothalamus that activates the thyroid stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary
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State the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH)
stimulates certain anterior pituitary cells to release tropic hormones that control activity of gonads
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State the function of instars
the growth stage between each molt
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State the function of the prothoracic gland
stimulated by the brain hormone to release ecdysone to stimulate molting
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State the function of prothoraicotropic hormone (PTTH)
blood calcium decrease triggers release of this to cause an increase in blood Ca++
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State the function of ecdysone
Regulate molting in insects.
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State the function of corpora cardiaca
a pair of structures in the insect brain that store the brain hormone regulating molting
releases the brain hormone which diffuses to an endocrine gland in the thorax (prothoracic gland)
releases the brain hormone which diffuses to an endocrine gland in the thorax (prothoracic gland)
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State the function of the Juvenile Hormone
located in the corpora allata, prevents the insect from molting into the adult form
naturally not produced after the 5th instar
naturally not produced after the 5th instar
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State the function of gonads
testosterone, estrogen, progesterone
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State the function of the Juvenile Hormone
located in the corpora allata, prevents the insect from molting into the adult form
naturally not produced after the 5th instar
naturally not produced after the 5th instar
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State the function of estrogen
developmeent and maintenance of female sexual characteristics
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State the function of progesterone
supports pregnancy
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State the function of lutenizing hormone (LH)
females- trigger ovulation and ovarian production of estrogens + progesterone
males- stimulates production of testosterone
males- stimulates production of testosterone
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State the function of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
-stimulates maturation of ovarian follicles in females
-stimulates spermatogenesis in males
-stimulates spermatogenesis in males
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State the function of the thyroid gland
produces thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
located near the trachea and controlled by negative feedback
located near the trachea and controlled by negative feedback
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State the function of thyroxine
hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism
released in follicles
released in follicles
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State the function of Calcitonin
released by the thyroid gland and acts to lower calcium levels in the blood
decreases osteoblast activity and stimulates osteoblasts to take up calcium from the blood for bone growth
decreases osteoblast activity and stimulates osteoblasts to take up calcium from the blood for bone growth
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State the function of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
activates thyroid gland cells to produce thyroxine
activates thyroid gland cells to produce thyroxine
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Define goiter
enlarged thyroid gland associated with very low or very high levels of thyroxine
occurs when the thyroglobulin production is above normal and the follicles are enlarged
occurs when the thyroglobulin production is above normal and the follicles are enlarged
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State the function of parathyroid gland
four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
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State the function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)
blood calcium decrease triggers release of this to cause an increase in blood Ca++
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State the function of insulin
stimulates cells to take up and use glucose
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State the function of islets of Langerhans
insulin and glucagon cell clusters from the pancreas
Beta cells produce/secrete insulin
Alpha cells produce/secrete glucagon
Delta cells produce somatostatin
Beta cells produce/secrete insulin
Alpha cells produce/secrete glucagon
Delta cells produce somatostatin
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State the function of Glucagon
stimulates liver to release glucose
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State the function of somatostatin
slows release of insulin and glucagon and digestive tract functions
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State the function of the adrenal gland
two separate endocrine organs (medulla and cortex) located on the top of the kidneys
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State the function of the adrenal medulla
endocrine gland that produces epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
developed form the nervous system and remains under its control
developed form the nervous system and remains under its control
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State the function of the adrenal cortex
endocrine gland under hormonal control by the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary
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State the function of corticosteriods
classes of steroid hormones produced when the adrenal cortex uses cholesterol
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State the function of Aldosterone
the main mineralocorticoid that stimulates the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium
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State the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
produced form the anterior pituitary to control the adrenal cortex
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State the function of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Controls the release of ACTH
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State the function of adrenergic receptors
adrenergic receptors are of two general types, α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic. The α-adrenergic receptors respond more strongly to norepinephrine than to epinephrine, whereas p-adrenergic receptors respond about equally to both epinephrine and norepinephri
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State the function of the pineal gland
Releases melatonin
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State the function of melatonin
regulates biological rhythms
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
State the function of autocrine
Back
hormones that act of the secreting cell itself
Card 3
Front
State the function of endocrine glands
Back
Card 4
Front
State the function of exocrine glands
Back
Card 5
Front
State the function of neurohormones
Back
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