What produces fuels,lubricants, and raw materials for chemical synthesis?
Crude Oil
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Crude oil is made up of...
Hydrocarbons
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Crude oil is separated into fractions by...
Fractional Distillation
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Step one of fractional distillation...
Crude oil is heated to evaporate all of the hydrocarbons
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Step two of fractional distillation...
The vapour passes into the fraction ink column near the bottom and cools down as it rises
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Step three of fractional distillation...
Each fraction condenses to a liquid and runs off when it has cooled below its boiling point
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Final step of fractional distillation...
Any remaining gases leave the tower at the top and are used as gaseous fuels
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These have a low boiling point, evaporate easily and burn easily...
Small molecules
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Large molecules have...
A high boiling point, don't evaporate or burn easily
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What are the forces that hold molecules together called?
Intermolecular Forces
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Small hydrocarbon molecules...
Monomers
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Very long hydrocarbon molecules...
Polymers
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When monomers join together to make polymers...
Polymerisation
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The atoms in long chain molecules are held together by...
Covalent Bonds
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These are added to molecules to make them stronger...
Cross Links
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Adding ________ makes polymers soft and flexible...
Plasticisers
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Packing molecules closer together forms a ...
Crystalline Polymer
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Making nanoscale particles is called...
Nanotechnology
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One millionth of a millimetre is a...
Nanometer
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Nanoscale particles occur naturally in...
Sea Spray
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Nanoscale particles have different _______ to larger particles...
Properties
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Smaller particles have a much larger...
Surface Area
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Unvulcanised Rubbers...
Low tensile strength,soft and flexible/elastic, erasers, rubber bands
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Vulcanised Rubbers...
High tensile strength,hard and flexible/elastic, car tyres,conveyor belts,shock absorbers
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Plastic-Polythene...
Lightweight(low density), flexible and easily moulded, plastic bags, moulded containers
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Plastic-Polystyrene...
Lightweight(low density),stiff,good thermal insulator as a foam,water resistant,meat trays,egg cartons,coffee cups,protecting appliances and electronics
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Synthetic Fibres-Nylon
Lightweight(low density),tough and waterproof,blocks UV light,clothing,climbing ropes
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Synthetic Fibres-Polyester
Lightweight(low density),tough and waterproof,clothing,bottles
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_________ produces changes to the properties of polymers...
Modification
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What produces fuels,lubricants, and raw materials for chemical synthesis?
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