C1.6- Plant oils

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Write the word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water = Glucose + oxygen
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What do plants sometimes convert the glucose from photosynthesis into?
Vegetable oils
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What can oilseed **** be used for commercially?
Biofuels and foodstuffs
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Give the stages required to produce rapeseed oil.
Seeds collected using combine harvester , Seeds crushed and pressed to extract oil , Impurities removed , Processed
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What process do we use to extract lavender oil?
Distillation
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What is olive oil a source of?
Vitamin E and energy
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What do all vegetable oils contain?
Hydrocarbons (chains of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms)
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What could we use to test for these double bonds (think back to alkenes)?
Bromine water
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Why does cooking in water and cooking in vegetable oil differ greatly?
The boiling point of oil is much higher than water.
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When using oil does food tend to cook quicker or slower?
Quicker
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Why are chips generally thought of as unhealthy compared to boiled potatoes?
Chips are cooked in oil and they absorb some of the very high energy oil while cooking which your body can store as fat.
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Are chemical bonds broken when vegetable oils melt?
No, it is just a physical not a chemical change
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What state are vegetable oils at room temperature?
Liquid
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How can the boiling points of vegetable oils be increased?
By adding hydrogen to the molecules
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What is replaced during this process and what are they replaced by?
Carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) are replaced by carbon-carbon single bonds (C-C).
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What happens to the state of the vegetable oil at room temperature if this process has been performed?
It becomes solid.
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What is this process called?
Hardening OR hydrogenation
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What conditions are required to carry out this reaction?
60 degrees C and a nickel catalyst
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What are vegetable oils hardened in this way often called?
Hydrogenated oils
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What is an emulsion?
When very small droplets of oil spread out throughout water producing a mixture
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Give an example of an everyday example of an emulsion that we can consume.
Milk or mayonnaise or ice cream
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What does the egg yolk do in mayonnaise other than give it a yellowish colour?
It stops the oil and water separating into layers.
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What is the egg yolk acting as in mayonnaise?
An emulsifier
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What would the texture of ice cream be like without emulsifiers? Why?
Crunchy, because the water in it would freeze separately forming ice crystals
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Give some other everyday uses of emulsions.
Cosmetics (face creams, lotions, lipstick, etc.), emulsion paint
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What are the scientific terms for the head and the tail of an emulsifier molecule?
Hydrophilic (head) and hydrophobic (tail)
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How does the emulsifier help form tiny droplets?
The tails dissolve in the oil to form a sphere of emulsifier surrounding a small amount of oil.
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Why do the tiny droplets not just join back together to form one large volume of oil?
Because the charge heads on the outside of the droplets all repel each other causing the droplets to spread out in the water.
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What is a food additive?
A substance added to a food to preserve it or to improve taste, texture or appearance
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What is given to all additives that are approved for use in Europe?
An E number
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What are substances with E numbers between 400 and 500?
Emulsifiers, stabilisers and thickeners
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Why might emulsifiers be contributing to some people’s poor diet?
They make high energy food such as oil and fat more edible in foods as well as improving the texture so making food more tempting.
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Why should we not get all our sources of fat from animal fats?
They contain lots of saturated fats which can clog up the blood vessels of the heart.
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What effect do vegetable oils have on your arteries?
They help to keep them clear.
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Do people who eat lots of vegetable oils tend to have higher or lower levels of ‘bad’ cholesterol?
Lower
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Why is it hard to know whether some fast foods contain or have been cooked in potentially harmful fats?
They are exempt from labelling and may be advertised misleadingly.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do plants sometimes convert the glucose from photosynthesis into?

Back

Vegetable oils

Card 3

Front

What can oilseed **** be used for commercially?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give the stages required to produce rapeseed oil.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What process do we use to extract lavender oil?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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