British Sector of the Western Front

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First Battle of Ypres
October 1914
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Second Battle of Ypres
April 1915
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Third Battle of Ypres
July 1917
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Battles of Ypres - 3 Details
Near Key ports for the allies / Germany had high ground + Hill 60 / Chlorine gas first used during second battle
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The Battle of the Somme
July 1916
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The Battle of the Somme - 3 Details
High Casulties / 60,000 Casulties on day 1 / 400,000 total Casulties
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The Battle of Arras
April 1917
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The Battle of Arras - 3 Details
Chalky Ground / Network of tunnels with water and electricity / Underground Hospital
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The Battle of Cambrai
October 1917
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The Battle of Cambrai - 3 Details
Tanks used to surprise Germans / Land Gained Originally/ Lack of support - land was lost
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Trench System - Details
Front Line - For Attacking / Zig Zag - reduce shell damage / Support Trench - 200m away / Communication trench - Links all trenches
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Impact of Terrain on Helping the Wounded - Details
Trenches full of men + equipment / Hard to save men in no mans land / Wet mud / Stretcher bearers struggled
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Trench Fever - Causes and Effect
Body Louse / Flu like symptoms
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Trench Fever - Treatment
Delousing Stations / Chatting / Clean Clothes
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Trench Foot - Causes and Effect
Mud and Waterlogged Trenches / Restricted blood flow and possibly gangrene
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Trench Foot - Treatments
Whale oil / Amputation / Changing socks regularly / Cleaning feet
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Shell Shock - Causes and Effect
Stressful war conditions / Nightmares , tiredness, mental breakdowns etc
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Shell Shock - Treatments
Not well understood at the time , Other mental treatments
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Gas Attacks - Causes and Effect
Chlorine or mustard gas / Coughing or gas gangrene
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Gas Attacks - Treatments
Gas masks introduced in 1915
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Rifle Wounds / Shrapnel - Causes and Effects
Gunshot and shell Shrapnel / Major wounds which became infected
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Rifle Wounds /Shrapnel - Treatments
Helmets introduced in 1915 - 80% less shrapnel wounds
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Rifles - Details
Bullets caused large wounds and could fire rapidly
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Machine Guns - Details
Caused more damage and could fire more rounds
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Artillery - Details
Could Fire large shells over long distances
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Shrapnel - Details
Pieces of metal which caused major and widespread wounds
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RAMC - Details
Provided Doctors / Mainly in CCS / Doctors Diagnosed and gave medical opinions
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FANY - Details
Provided nurses / Helped as ambulance drivers / Helped with food and supplies
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Chain of Evacuation - Order
Stretcher Bearers / RAP (Regimental Aid Post) / Field Ambulance Dressing Stations / CCS (Casualty Clearing Station) / Base Hospitals
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Stretcher Bearers - Details
Went to no-mans land to collect wounded / 4 men per stretcher
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RAP - Details
Near the Front Line / Basic medical assistance / First point of call
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Field Ambulance Dressing Stations - Details
Mobile Medical Unit / Emergency treatment / 1 mile from Front Line
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CCS - Details
Well equipped medical base / Mobile X Rays / Far from Front Line / Triage / Doctors
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Base Hospitals - Details
Far from Front Line / Transported by train or boat / Operating theatres / Many soldiers sent back to Britain
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Transport and Communications - Details
Terrain full of craters / Roads destroyed / Horse ambulances made patients worse / many died before ambulance arrived / Motor ambulances were better but rare
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Treating Wounds - 3 Methods
Debridement - Cutting small sections of dead tissue / Carrel-Dakin method - using salt solution to sterilise wound but id didn't last / Amputation - Removing the limb
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Thomas Splint -
Reduced joint movement / Increased survival rate / Prevented excessive blood loss
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X Rays -
Discovered in 1896 / Used to locate shrapnel and bullets / X ray machines rapidly overheated and needed to cool / Mobile X ray units made
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Issues with blood transfusions -
Donor had to be present / Blood clots in tubes / Blood type incompatibility / infection
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Blood Bank at Cambrai -
Sodium Citrate added to blood to make it portable / used for blood transfusions at Cambrai / Many lives saved
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Brain Surgery -
Magnets used to remove shrapnel from the brain / Local anaesthetics used / prevented brain swelling / High risk of infections
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Plastic Surgery -
Harold Gilles interested in facial reconstruction / Skin Grafts used - using skin from somewhere else in the body for reconstruction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

April 1915

Back

Second Battle of Ypres

Card 3

Front

July 1917

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Near Key ports for the allies / Germany had high ground + Hill 60 / Chlorine gas first used during second battle

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

July 1916

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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