brain development

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  • Created by: Sophie153
  • Created on: 26-11-16 21:57
what are the four processes of an axon development?
proliferation and migration, differentiation, myelination, synaptogensis
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what is profilferation and migration?
production of new cells/ neurons, cells spilt in two. stem cells stay in place and continue to divide, newly formed cells move tp new locations
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what is differentiation?
forming of axons/dendrites to give neutron its shape, grows during migration/at final location
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what is myelination?
the process in which glia produce the myelin sheath to cover axons and speed up nerve conduction
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what is synaptogensis?
the formation of synapses occurs throughout life and constantly changes connections, this slows synifcantly later in life
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what did Weiss find?
axons are able to fid their own way due to a chemical gradient. e.g. attached leg of one salamander and attached it to another. over time could move legs together
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what did sperry do?
rotate eye 180 degrees to see if nerves grow back
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what factors determine if a synapse survives?
nerve growth factor (type of neurotophin, released by muscles that promote the survival and growth of axons. If they don’t undergo NGF, they undergo apoptosis (preprogrammed mechanism of cell death)
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what age does brain matter start thinning
5
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what can brain do due to experience?
reorganise itself, dendrites grow new spines, maybe new connections... thicker cortex if more enriched environment
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what is Diaschisis?
following brain damage, surviving brain areas increase/reorganize their activity as don’t receive inputs anymore. Activity may stimulate activity in other areas, which interrupts normal pattern of stimulation.Drugs can be used to stimulate normal act
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can destroyed cells regrow?
no, but if damaged can at rate of 1mm a day
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what is axon sprouting?
Collateral sprouts are new branches formed by other non-damaged axons that attach to vacant receptors. Collateral sprouts are new branches formed by other non-damaged axons that attach to vacant receptors.
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what do neurotrophins do?
that induce axons to form collateral sprouts
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what is Disuse supersensitivity?
hypersensitivity to a neurotransmitter after a result of inactivity by an incoming axon). Both due to increased number and effectiveness of receptors.
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what is Phantom limb?
the continued sensation of amputated body reflects the reorganization process. The cortex reorganizes itself after amputation, and becomes responsive to other body parts. When there are vacant spaces, neurons in adjoining areas want to spread out and
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what is Laterlisation?
Each hemisphere is connected to the contralateral (opposite) side of the body, e.g. Skin receptors and muscles
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what are Spilt brain patients?
epilepsy cut the corpus callosum in half to reduce the spread of seizures. Hemispheres function independently. Cant see things in the left visual field, as goes to right visual field but it does not process language.
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what happens to Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) patients?
no CC, axons grow to provide the missing info
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what is the WADA test?
a barbiturate is injected in to a internal carotid artery. The drug is injected in to one hemisphere at a time to shut down any language/memory functions.
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what happen if damage to right hemisphere?
difficult to understand, humor, sarcasm, and a monotone voice. If left damaged you can more accurately judge emotion. Eg. When participants had left hemisphere damage, could accurately detect deceit 10% better than normal patients
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what is wernickes aphasia?
condition with severe language impairment. (part of temporal cortex) comprehension impairment, no acknowledgement of difficulty. Can still speak smoothly, just lack of cohesion. Unresponsive to treatment as not self-aware, they’re frustrated.
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what is Boca’s aphasia?
: language production impairment, omission in pronouns, conjunctions, verbs, tenses… Comprehension is good, but difficultly understanding words they omit. They’re aware of their condition.
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what type of processing is left hemisphere?
analytical sequential/temporal processing
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what type of processing is right hemisphere?
holistic spatial/ parallel processing
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Card 2

Front

what is profilferation and migration?

Back

production of new cells/ neurons, cells spilt in two. stem cells stay in place and continue to divide, newly formed cells move tp new locations

Card 3

Front

what is differentiation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is myelination?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is synaptogensis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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