Introductory Lecture

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What is Ritalin used to treat?
ADHD - children who are hyperactive and cannot concentrate.
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Why is Heroine dangerous at high doses?
Suppresses respiratory system.
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What is 'Dualism'?
Mind and the brain are separate entities. There is a mind and a physical body or matter. Mind includes consciousness.
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Who created the term 'Dualism'?
Rene Descartes.
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Where was it proposed that the mind and brain meet? (Rene Descartes)
Pineal Gland.
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Why?
We have 2 of every other structure in the brain. Pineal gland is the only structure we have 1 of.
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What is 'Monism'?
Mind and brain are one/the mind is part of the brain. All psychological processes we experience, e.g. emotions, has a biological basis. We can understand psychological processes by looking and the brain & understanding how it works.
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Who proposed 'Monism'?
Berthand Russel and Donald Hebb.
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What is 'materialistic monism'?
When we experience psychological processes, there are biological changes that occur as we experience it. All psychological phenomena has a biological basis.
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What did Donald Hebb further propose on Monism?
All psychological phenomena are caused by brain activity. Psychological functioning is not too complex to understand - get a better understanding by understanding chemistry and physiology of the brain.
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What are other terms for Biopsychology?
Psychobiology, behavioral biology, behavioral neuroscience, biological psychology.
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Define Biopsychology?
The scientific study of the biology of behaviour.
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What is Biopsychology a discipline of?
Neuroscience.
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What other disciplines are used to inform Biopsychology research?
Neuroendocrinology (study of hormones), neurochemistry (if you change chemistry, what happens?), Neuropharmacology (effect of drugs on behaviour) etc.
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What approaches to research does Biopsychology take?
Diverse approaches. Human vs non-human studies. Experiment vs non-experiments (correlational studies). Pure vs applied research.
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Why are non-human/animal studies useful?
Unethical in humans. Can establish causal relationships i.e. induce drug addiction and test behaviour. Can make comparisons to other species. Brains simpler, better understanding on regions involvement in behaviour.
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Are humans and animals brain quantitatively different or qualitatively different?
Quantitatively different.
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Why?
Humans and animals differ in size and development of brain structures, but the general structures are the same. Qualitatively the same.
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Give an example of a structure which is similar in humans and animals?
Cerebellum and brain stem. Closer you get to humans, more quantitatively similar, but they all have it nonetheless.
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Give another example of something quantitatively different in humans and animal brains?
Cerebral cortex. Much smoother in animals e.g. squirrel. Much more folded in humans. Closer you get to humans, more folded and developed in humans. Again, qualitatively similar, still have 2 hemispheres.
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Can we generalise animal studies to humans?
Yes, brains are structurally similar.
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How are experiments and quasi-experiments different?
Experiments involve direct manipulation. Quasi experiments test variables already in the environment, look for correlations.
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What are the 6 major divisions in Biopsychology?
Physiological psychology. Psychopharmacology. Neuropsychology. Psychophysiology. Cognitive Neuroscience. Comparative Psychology.
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Why is Heroine dangerous at high doses?

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Suppresses respiratory system.

Card 3

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What is 'Dualism'?

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Card 4

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Who created the term 'Dualism'?

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Card 5

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Where was it proposed that the mind and brain meet? (Rene Descartes)

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