Brain Development and Plasticity ( Part 2)

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Created by: Anjelala
Created on: 14-12-17 02:57

What is the life span of Neurones ?

-Different cells will have different average life spans

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What cells have the longest and shortest life span?

- Heart cells can be as old as the person - skin cells have the shortest life span, under a year old at most

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Explain neurone formation in mammalian cerebral cortexes ?

Mammalian cerebral cortexes form few to none new neurones after birth

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What info from research proves that new neurones can be formed after early development ?

- interior brain stem cells can become neurones or gila - New olfactory receptors continually replace dying ones

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What did Sperry's experiment (1943) discover?

- Severed optic nerve axons grow back to original targets in the tectum. - The process was dependent on chemical gradients in target cells by severing optic nerve and rotating eye by 180degree

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Explain the Pathfinding process of growing Axons ?

Growing axons are guided by chemo-attractants and repellents. - postsynaptic cells strengthen the synapses of some cells and weaken others

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How does muscles relate to axons? ( Neural survival )

Muscles release NGF protein which promotes survival and growth of axons

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What is NGF ? ( Neuronal survival )

NGF is a protein known as Nerve growth factor

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How does the brain ensure that number of incoming axons are matched with the number of receiving cells ? (Neuronal survival)

- Brain overproduces neurones and applies apoptosis when required

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What is apoptosis ?

-Apoptosis is a when a cell terminates its self, it is natural and crucial for development - Apoptosis is dormant after maturity

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What is a Neurotrophin?

- Neurotrophin is a chemical ,promotes neurone survival and activity.

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How is Neurotrophin connected to apoptosis ?

-Up until after maturity , Axons that have made connections will trigger apoptosis if they aren't exposed to Neurotrophin - After maturityNeurotrophin isn't required for neurone survival as apoptosis is dormant

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How are Neurotrophins used in Adults Brains?

- Neurotrophins are used for neuronal sculpting in adult brains ( increase axon and dendrite branching throughout life )

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What cells have the longest and shortest life span?

Back

- Heart cells can be as old as the person - skin cells have the shortest life span, under a year old at most

Card 3

Front

Explain neurone formation in mammalian cerebral cortexes ?

Back

Card 4

Front

What info from research proves that new neurones can be formed after early development ?

Back

Card 5

Front

What did Sperry's experiment (1943) discover?

Back

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Brain Development and Plasticity ( Part 2)