Blood vessels

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What is the organisation of the vascular system?
Arteries, veins, arterioles, venules, capillaries
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What is pulmonary circulation?
Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the heart by the pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by the pulmonary vein
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What is systemic circulation?
Oxygenated blood is carried away from the heart by arteries and deoxygenated blood carried to the heart by veins
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What kind of walls do arteries have?
Thick muscular walls
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What is the aortic arch?
As the aorta leave the heart it initially ascends the body before looping through 180 degrees
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What are the two regions of the aortic arch?
Ascending aorta and the descending aorta
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Where do the carotid arteries carry blood to?
The head
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Where do the subclavian arteries carry blood to?
The arms
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What is the aorta known as when it passes the diaphragm?
The abdominal aorta
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What does the ciliac artery carry blood/branch off to?
Branches into the hepatic, gastric and splenic arteries which carry blood to the liver, stomach and spleen
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What do the renal arteries carry blood to?
The kidneys
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What do the iliac arteries carry blood to?
The legs
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What kind of walls do veins have?
Thin
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What kind of vein is the superior vena cava?
Short vein
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What kind of vein is the inferior vena cava?
Long vein
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What is the microvasculature?
The smallest blood vessels, they are present within the tissues of internal organs
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What is the function of capillaries?
Where the exchange of gases and chemicals takes place between the blood and interstitial tissue
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What is the function of arterioles?
Narrowest type of artery
Deliver oxygenated blood to the capillary bed
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What is the function of venules?
Narrowest type of vein and receive deoxygenated blood from the capillary bed
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What do precapillary sphincters do?
Control the flow of blood from the arteriole into each capillary
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What is vasomotion?
Where each precapillary sphincter alternately contracts and relaxes, altering vessel diameter
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What is autoregulation?
Where low O2 concentrations enhance relaxation
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What are the connections between arterioles and venules called?
Throughfare channels
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What is the blood supply to the larger blood vessel walls called?
Vasa vasorum
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What is the inner layer of a blood vessel called?
Tunica intima
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What is the tunica intima?
Endothelia line the blood vessel
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What is the middle layer of the blood vessel called?
Tunica media
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What is the tunica media?
Vascular smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastin fibres
Often the thickest layer
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What is the outer layer of the blood vessel called?
Tunica adventitia
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What is the tunica adventitia?
Outer protective layer
Fibroblasts
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What kind of blood vessel has an enlarged tunica media layer?
Arteries
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What are elastic arteries?
Arteries close to the heart muscle that need to expand and recoil in order to maintain constant blood pressure throughout the heartbeat cycle
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What do elastic arteries contain a large number of?
Collagen and elastin
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What are some examples of elastic arteries?
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Subclavian artery
Carotid artery
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What do elastic fibres branch into?
Smaller muscular fibres
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What do muscular fibres contain?
Fewer elastic fibres and more smooth muscle
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What is the diameter of elastic arteries determined by?
Passive stretching in response to blood pressure
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What is the diameter of muscular arteries determined by?
Able to actively regulate blood flow to meet demand by muscular contraction
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What are some examples of muscular arteries?
Coronary arteries
Femoral arteries
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What do arterioles do in response to varying O2 concentrations?
Vasodilate at low O2
Vasoconstrict under sympathetic stimulation
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What are continuous capillaries?
Most capillaries of the body
Very restricted permeability
Permit exchange of water, small solutes and lipid-soluble materials between the blood and interstitial fluid
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What are fenestrated capillaries?
E.g. kidney, intestine
Facilitate the rapid exchange of water and solutes between blood and interstitial fluid
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What are sinusoid capillaries?
E.g. liver, bone marrow
Free exchange of water, solutes and large plasma proteins
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What term refers to the formation of entirely new blood vessels which occurs only during embryonic development?
Vasculogenesis
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What term refers to the sprouting of new branches from pre-existing blood vessels? This process occurs throughout life.
Angiogenesis
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What is atherosclerosis?
The buildup of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries
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What can atherosclerosis cause?
Heart attack (blockage of the coronary artery)
Stroke (blockage of the cerebral artery)
Kidney disease
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What do tumours do to obtain their own blood supply?
Produce growth factors to stimulate angiogenesis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is pulmonary circulation?

Back

Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the heart by the pulmonary artery and oxygenated blood is carried to the heart by the pulmonary vein

Card 3

Front

What is systemic circulation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What kind of walls do arteries have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the aortic arch?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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