Biology Yr 9 AFPL 1

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  • Created by: Faruk.2
  • Created on: 25-11-23 14:02
What is an Enzyme?
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that can speed up rate of a reaction without being change itself.
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What does the substrate collide with which is complementary to the substrate?
Active Site of Enzyme
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What is it called when the active site of an enzyme collides with the substrate?
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
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What is protein, starch and lipids broken down by and what does it form?
Protein - broken down by protease- Amino Acids
Starch - broken down by carbohydrase- Glucose Molecules
Lipids- broken down by lipase- fatty acids
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What happens to rate of reaction when you increase the temperature in a reaction with enzymes?
As temperature increases rate of reaction increases as enzymes and substrate have more Kinetic Energy, move faster so they have more successful collisions(with sufficient energy).
Optimum temperature- enzyme works faster.
Increase in temperature past the
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What happens to rate of reaction when you increase the pH levels in a reaction with enzymes?
As you increase pH the rate of reaction increases as pH level of a solution can significantly affect the activity of enzymes.
Optimum pH- different for different enzymes- enzymes work fastest.
As you move away from optimum pH(up+down) enzymes become incr
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What happens to rate of reaction when you increase substrate concentration in a reaction with enzymes?
Increase in substrate concentration increases rate of reaction as there are more substrates to collide with active sites of enzymes- enzymes are in excess.
Plateau- Rate cannot increase as all Active Sites are full, additional substrates need enzymes to b
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What is blood made up of?
Blood is made up of 4 main components.
Plasma (55%), Red Blood Cells (45%), White blood cells and platelets (< 1%)
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Explain the role of Plasma
Yellow liquid- majority of the blood
Purpose: transports dissolved substances (glucose, hormones, some carbon dioxide) also transports urea (waste products from breakdown of proteins (what we pee out))
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How has a red blood cell adapted to its function?
Contains haemoglobin which can bind reversibly with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
No nucleus- extra room for haemoglobin
Biconcave Shape- increases Surface Area
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Explain the role of white blood cells
Lymphocytes produce antibodies which stop pathogens causing further harm
Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
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Explain the role of platelets
Helps with clotting of blood when skins defences are broken.
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In an investigation using pH2, pH3, pH4, pH5, pH6, pH7 and measuring the production of gas over time, name the Independant Variable(what you change), Dependant variable(what you measure),
Control Variables(what you keep the same).
IV - pH
DV- Gas production
CV- Temperature, concentration of enzyme, volume of solution.
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Explain why lipase will not break down the substrate starch.
Every substrate has a specific enzyme which attaches to it with a complementary shape.
Lipase active site is different to amylase active site (which would attach to starch)
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What are the names of the 3 main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Veins, capillaries
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the substrate collide with which is complementary to the substrate?

Back

Active Site of Enzyme

Card 3

Front

What is it called when the active site of an enzyme collides with the substrate?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is protein, starch and lipids broken down by and what does it form?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens to rate of reaction when you increase the temperature in a reaction with enzymes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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