Obesity - arthritis, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer. Increased cholesterol levels - too much saturated fat. (too much salt increases blood pressure and risk of heart disease.
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Undereating
Slow growth, fatigue, irregular periods, scurvy (lack of vitamin C)
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Inherited factors affecting health
Hormone issues, underactive or overactive thyroid gland (affect metabolic rate), high cholesterol
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Slimming Claims
Reputable journal, qualified person, large sample, similar results in other studies
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Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause disease: bacteria and virus
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Bacteria
Damage cells or produce toxins to male you feel ill
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Viruses
Not cells. Invade cells and use the cells 'machinery' to replicate themselves. Cell damage makes you feel ill
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Defence System
Consuming - WBCs engulf and digest. Antibodies - WBCs produce the proteins that lock onto and destroys cells. Antitoxins - counteracts toxins made by bacteria
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Vaccination
Small amounts of dead or inactive microorganisms. Stimulates the WBCs to make antibodies. When live version of that microorganism enters body, antibodies are rapidly produced.
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Pros of Vaccination
Control common diseases such as polio and measles. Epidemics can be prevented if large % is vaccinated
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Cons of Vaccination
Don't always work, sometimes have bad reactions
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Drugs
Painkillers - relieve symptoms. Antibiotics - kill bacteria. Some bacteria are resistant as mutations occur. MRSA is resistant to methicillin. Resistant is slowed down by not over prescribing antibiotics. (only given for serious problems)
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Method to investigate antibiotics
Culture medium - agar jelly (contains nutrients needed to grow). Hot agar jelly is poured into petri dish. Inoculating loop passed through flame to prevent unwanted microorganisms in culture. Bacteria is transferred to dish with loop. continued...
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Method to investigate antibiotics (continued)
Paper discs soaked in antibiotics and placed on jelly. Tape lid on. Not kept at more than 25 degrees to prevent dangerous pathogens growing.
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Semmelweis
Believed doctors were spreading diseases on unwashed hands. Instructed doctors entering his ward to wash their hands using antiseptic solution. Death rate dropped from 12% to 2%. Methods dropped when he left and death rates rose.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Slow growth, fatigue, irregular periods, scurvy (lack of vitamin C)
Back
Undereating
Card 3
Front
Hormone issues, underactive or overactive thyroid gland (affect metabolic rate), high cholesterol
Back
Card 4
Front
Reputable journal, qualified person, large sample, similar results in other studies
Back
Card 5
Front
Microorganisms that cause disease: bacteria and virus
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