biology topic one

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  • Created by: El17P
  • Created on: 25-02-23 18:00
1. magnification equation
2.how do you prepare a microscope slide?
3.what are stem cells?
4.what is cell differentiation?
5.where are stem cells found in plants?
6. what are chromosomes?
7. how many copies of chromosomes do most body cells contain?
1. mag = image size / object size
2. add water, place specimen, add iodine and cover slip
3.undifferentiated cells
4. the process of cells becoming specialized for their job
5. in meristems
6. coils of DNA molecules
7. two copies
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8. how many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?
9. what is the cell cycle?
10. what is mitosis?
11.how do prokaryotic cells replicate?
12. what happens in this process?
8.23 pairs
9. where cells grow, develop and repair.
10.part of the cell cycle where the cell divides
11. using binary fission
12. circular strands of DNA and plasmid/s replicate, the cell expands and these move to the poles of the cell, cytoplasm begins t
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13.whats mean division time?
14. how do you grow bacteria in the lab?
15.how to you find the effectiveness of antibiotics?
16.define diffusion
13.total time new cells are produced / number of divisions. then two to power of answer.
14.using a petri dish and agar
15. measure the radius of inhibition zone and use pi x radius squared
16. spreading out of particles from a high concentration gradient
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17.define osmosis
18. define active transport
19. what is active transport used in?
17. movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a higher concentration gradient to a lower one.
18. absorption from a low concentration to a higher one against a concentration gradient.
19. the gut: concentration of nutrients i
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20. what is the job of the lungs?
21. what are alveoli?
22. how are they specialized?
23. what line the intestine?
20. to transfer oxygen to blood and remove waste carbon dioxide from it
21.air sacs in the lungs that are specialized to maximize diffusion
22. have a large surface area, thin walls, good blood supply and moist lining to dissolve gases.
23.villi
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24. what do villi do?
25. how do they do this?
26.how does the structure of leaves let gases in and out of cells?
27. what is important about the underside of a leaf?
24. they increase surface area so food is absorbed quickly
25. they are specialized so they have a single layer of surface cells and a very good blood supply.
26. CO2 diffuses into the air spaces within the leaf, then into cells where photosynthesis occur
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28.what do guard cells do?
29. what does the flattened shape of the leaf do?
30. what does the walls of the cells inside the leaf do?
31. how does water vapour leave?
28. they control the size of the stomata
29. increases the area of the exchange surface
30.increases the are of the exchange surface so CO2 can enter.
31. it evaporates from the cells inside the leaf, then escapes by diffusion as there is more inside the
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32. how do fish respire?
33. what are gills made of?
32. water enters the fish through its mouth and passes out the gills. oxygen diffuses from the water to blood and CO2 from blood to water.
33. each gill is made from thin plates called gill filaments which have a big surface area for gas exchange
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34. what are gill filaments covered in and how are they specialized for their job?
35. how do fish maintain a large concentration gradient between blood and water?
36.where is the concentration of oxygen always higher?
34. lamellae which increase surface area and have lots of blood capillaries to speed up diffusion. they also have a thin layer of cells to minimise the distance gases have to diffuse.
35. blood flows through lamellae in one direction
and water in the othe
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Card 2

Front

8. how many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?
9. what is the cell cycle?
10. what is mitosis?
11.how do prokaryotic cells replicate?
12. what happens in this process?

Back

8.23 pairs
9. where cells grow, develop and repair.
10.part of the cell cycle where the cell divides
11. using binary fission
12. circular strands of DNA and plasmid/s replicate, the cell expands and these move to the poles of the cell, cytoplasm begins t

Card 3

Front

13.whats mean division time?
14. how do you grow bacteria in the lab?
15.how to you find the effectiveness of antibiotics?
16.define diffusion

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

17.define osmosis
18. define active transport
19. what is active transport used in?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

20. what is the job of the lungs?
21. what are alveoli?
22. how are they specialized?
23. what line the intestine?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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