name the 5 subcellular structures that both plant and animal cells have
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
1 of 24
what 3 things do plant cells have that animal cells don't
cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts
2 of 24
what type of organisms are bacteria? - prokaryotes or eukaryotes
prokaryotes
3 of 24
which gives a higher resolution - light microscope or electron microscope
electron microscope
4 of 24
what's the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus (membrane bound organelles)
5 of 24
what is cell differentiation?
the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
6 of 24
give 3 ways sperm cells are adapted for swimming to an egg cell
long tail, streamlined head and lots of mitochondria to provide energy needed
7 of 24
why is a nerve cell the shape it is?
they're long to cover more distance, and have branched connections to connect to other nerve cells
8 of 24
what are chromosomes?
genetic material = coiled up lengths of DNA molecules
9 of 24
what is the cell cycle?
two main stages = Growth&DNA Replication and Mitosis
10 of 24
what is mitosis used for by multicellular organisms?
to produce new cells
11 of 24
what's the name of the process by which bacteria divide?
binary fission
12 of 24
what's the max temperature that microorganisms should be grown in a school lab?
25 degrees c
13 of 24
why shouldn't a temperature above this be used?
harmful pathogens are more likely to grow above this temperature
14 of 24
3 ways to make sure an experiment testing the effect of antibiotics on bacterial growth has not been contaminated
1.Petri dishes and culture medium must be sterilised before use 2.inoculating loop is sterilised by passing through hot flame 3.petri dish stored upside down to stop drops of condensation falling on agar
15 of 24
give 2 ways embryonic stem cells could be used to cure diseases
used to replace faulty cells e.g. you could make insulin producing cells for people with diabetes or nerve cells for people paralysed by spinal injuries
16 of 24
why might some people be opposed to use of human embryos in stem cell research?
some people feel that human embryos shouldn't be used for experiments as each one is a potential human life.
17 of 24
what is diffusion?
spreading out of particles from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration
18 of 24
name 3 substances that can diffuse through cell membranes and 2 that can't
very small molecules can - oxygen, glucose, amino acids and water. big molecules like starch and protein can't
19 of 24
what is osmosis?
movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to lower concentration
20 of 24
what is active transport?
movement of substances from lower to higher concentrated solution against a concentration gradient
21 of 24
3 adaptations of exchange surfaces that increase efficiency of diffusion
thin membrane-(short distance to diffuse) large surface area -(lots of substances diffuse at once) animals have lots of blood vessels-(to get stuff in and out of blood quickly)
22 of 24
2 ways that the villi in small intestine are adapted for absorbing digested food
single layer of surface cells and very good blood supply to assist quick absorption
23 of 24
explain how leaves are adapted to maximise the amount of CO2 that gets in their cells
underneath of leaf is covered in stomata(tiny holes) which CO2 diffuses in through. flattened shape of leaf increases area of exchange surface so its more effective.
24 of 24
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what 3 things do plant cells have that animal cells don't
Back
cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts
Card 3
Front
what type of organisms are bacteria? - prokaryotes or eukaryotes
Back
Card 4
Front
which gives a higher resolution - light microscope or electron microscope
Back
Card 5
Front
what's the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Comments
No comments have yet been made