Biology topic 1
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- Created by: jessica.oneill
- Created on: 22-01-18 19:48
What are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes - smaller and simpler cells, a single celled organism (e.g. bacteria). Made up of prokaryotic cells.
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What are eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes - complex cells which include all animal and plant cells. Made up of eukaryotic cells.
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What makes up an animal cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes
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Define nucleus
• Nucleus - contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.
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Define cytoplasm
• Cytoplasm - gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
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Define cell membrane
• Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
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Define mitochondria
• Mitochondria - these are where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work
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Define ribosomes
• Ribosomes - these are where the proteins are made in the cell.
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What makes up a plant cell?
Rigid cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplast and chlorophyll (and all that make up an animal cell)
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Define rigid cell wall
• Rigid cell wall - made of cellulose, it supports the cell and strengthens it.
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Define permanent vacuole
• Permanent vacuole - contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
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Define chloroplasts and chlorophyll
• Chloroplasts - these are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called Chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
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Plant cells contain...
• Contains all the same as animal cells - as well as the above
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What makes up a bacterial cell?
Cytoplasm, cell membrane and cell wall, May also contain one or more small rings of DNA called Plasmids.
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What don’t bacterial cells have?
Bacteria don’t have Chloroplasts or mitochondria.
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Do bacteria cells have a true nuclei?
No, Bacterial cells don’t have a true nucleus, instead they have a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the Cytoplasm.
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What is a microscope?
Microscopes - let us see things we can’t with the naked eye.
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What are the two types of microscope?
Light and electron
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Define a light microscope
• Light microscopes - use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it. Let’s us see individual cells and large sub-cellular structures (e.g. nuclei)
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Define an electron microscope
• Electron microscopes - use electrons instead of light to form an image. They have a much higher magnification than light microscopes. They also have a higher resolution. Let’s us see much smaller things in more detail.
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Define resolution
Resolution - the ability to distinguish between two points (sharper image)
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What is the formula for resolution
magnifiction=(image size )/(real size)
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What is cell differentiation?
Cells differentiate to become specialised
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Define differentiation
Differentiation - the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
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What to sub-cellular structures do?
Different sub-cellular structures - turn into different types of cells
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When does differentiation occur?
Differentiation occurs as an organism develops
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Animal cells?
Animal cells - the ability is lost at an early stage, after they become specialised.
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Plant cells?
Plant cells - don’t lose this ability.
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Undifferentiated cells are?
Some cells are undifferentiated - stem cells.
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Skin and blood cell repair are an example of?
The cells that differentiate in mature animals are mainly used for repairing and replacing cells (such as skin or blood cells)
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Sperm cells are specialised for?
SPERM CELLS - are specialised for reproduction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are eukaryotes?
Back
Eukaryotes - complex cells which include all animal and plant cells. Made up of eukaryotic cells.
Card 3
Front
What makes up an animal cell?
Back
Card 4
Front
Define nucleus
Back
Card 5
Front
Define cytoplasm
Back
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