Biology - Fighting Disease - Flashcards in GCSE Biology

1.What are pathogens? & 2.What are the two main types?

1.Microorganisms that enter the body and cause Disease. 2.Bacteria and Viruses

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Bacteria are very small living cells and reproduce rapidly. What do they do to your body?

Make you feel ill by damage your cells and produce toxins

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Viruses are not cells and are much smaller. What do they do in the body?

1.copy themselves by invading cells by using the cells machinery. 2.the cell all then bursts, releasing all new viruses making you feel ill

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What are the defence systems your body uses to stop pathogens from entering the body?

1.skin, hair and mucus in airways. 2.blood clots from cuts. 3.the immune system which contains white blood cells

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What is the first line of attack of a white blood cell to a pathogen?

1.white blood cell engulfs the pathogens and digest them.

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What is the second line of defence of a white blood cell on a pathogen?

2.When your white blood cells come across a foreign antigen, they will start to produce antibodies. Antibodies lock onto the invading pathogens by their molecules (antigens) and kill them.

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(Continue from second line of defence)

The antibodies produced are specific to that type of antigen. (If the person is infected with the same pathogen again, the white blood cells will rapidly produce the antibodies to kill it. The person is then naturally immune and won't get ill)

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What is the third line of defence of a white blood cell?

1.They produce antitoxins. These stop toxins produced by the invading bacteria.

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What vaccinations involve?

Injecting small amounts of dead or inactive pathogens into the body.

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What do pathogens have on their surface?

Antigens

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What do the antigens cause your white blood cells to do?

Produce antibodies, to attack pathogens.

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If your infected by the same pathogens again, your white blood cells.........

Quickly produce lots of antibodies.

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1.What do the antibodies do? & 2.To prevent what?

1.kill the pathogens. 2.becoming ill.

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What does the MMR vaccine protect children against?

Measles, Mumps & Rubella

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What are the PROS of vaccinations?

1.control infectious diseases. 2. •A big outbreak of a disease is called an epidemic. •They can be prevented if lots of people are vaccinated. •That way the people who aren't vaccinated are unlikely to catch it as there are fewer to pass it on.

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What are the CONS if vaccinations?

1.don't always work - sometimes they don't give you immunity. 2.you can sometimes have a bad reaction to a vaccine. EG. Swelling or a Fever.

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1.Apart from vaccinations, what else helps to fight Disease? & 2.What two thing do some drugs do?

1.Drugs. 2.some get rid of symptoms, others cure the problem.

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1.What are drugs called that reduce pain? 2.But what won't they do?

1.Painkillers. 2.Kill the pathogens that cause the Disease.

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What drug kills 'Bacteria'?

Antibiotics.

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Different antibiotics kill.......

Different bacteria.

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Antibiotics cannot destroy what other type of pathogen?

Viruses.

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How do viruses reproduce?

By using your own body cells.

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Why is it difficult to develop drugs to destroy a virus?

A risk of killing the body cells.

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How do Bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?

They mutate.

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Name a Resistant Strain (type) of bacteria that have increased due to natural selection.

MRSA.

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Biology - Fighting Disease

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