Biology - Enzymes

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Define the term 'enzyme'
A biological catalyst that interacts with substrate molecules to facilitate chemical reactions - usually globular proteins
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Define the term 'substrate'
A substance used, or acted on by another process or substance
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Define the term 'product'
The result of a substrate reacting with an enzyme
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Explain why enzymes are necessary to life
Enzymes allow chemical processes to occur at a fast enough rate to support life, at relativiley normal temperatures and pressures
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Define the term 'anabolic reaction'
A reaction using ATP and smaller molecules to make larger molecules
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Define the term 'catabolic reaction'
A reaction producing ATP and smaller molecules, from larger ones
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Define the term 'digestion'
Breaking down food molecules
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Define the term 'metabolism'
The chemical processes occuring in a living organism to maintain life
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Explain how enzymes can affect both the structure amd function of cells and whole organisms
The different cell components are synthesised with the help of enzymes, which then form tissues, organs, and eventually the whole organism - the chemical reactions required for growth are anabolic reactions, and are catalyysed by enzymes
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Define the term 'intracellular enzyme' and give an example
Enzymes that act within cells, eg catalase
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Define the term 'extracellular enzyme' and give two examples
Enzymes that work outside of the cell that made them, eg amylase and trypsin
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State the substrates and products for the enzyme catalase
Substrate = hydrogen peroxide, products = oxygen and water
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State the substrates and products for the enzyme amylase
Substrate = starch polymers, product = maltose
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State the substrates and products for the enzyme trypsin
Substrate = proteins, product = smaller proteins
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Define the term 'active site'
The region where the substrate interacts
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Define the term 'complementary shape'
Can fit into one another
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Define the term 'specific'
Only catalyses one biochemical reaction
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Explain why an enzyme only catalyses one type of reaction
The shape of their active site only fits one substrate
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State the sequence of events in an enzyme-controlled reaction
The substrate enters the active site, this interaction strains the substrate, helping bonds to form/break - the product is formed but the enzyme is unchanged, and the product is released
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define the term 'substrate'

Back

A substance used, or acted on by another process or substance

Card 3

Front

Define the term 'product'

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain why enzymes are necessary to life

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define the term 'anabolic reaction'

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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