Biology definitions
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Kitsune
- Created on: 05-02-17 09:15
Movement
An action by an organism or a part of an organism causing a change in place or position
1 of 83
Respiration
Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
2 of 83
Sensitivity
The ability to detect or sense changes in the internal or external environment and make appropriate responses
3 of 83
Growth
A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell size or cell number or both
4 of 83
Reproduction
The processes that make more of the same kind
5 of 83
Excretion
Removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirement
6 of 83
Nutrition
Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development. Plants require light, CO2, water and ions. Animals require organic compounds, water and ions
7 of 83
Species
A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offsprings
8 of 83
Binomial system
An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism consists of its genus and species
9 of 83
Cell
The smallest unit of a living organism capable of independent functions and produced from a parent cell
10 of 83
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function
11 of 83
Organ
A structure made up of a group of tissue working to perform specific functions
12 of 83
Organ system
A group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions
13 of 83
Osmosis
Net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
14 of 83
Active transport
The movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration
15 of 83
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction
16 of 83
Enzyme
Proteins that function as biological catalysts
17 of 83
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
18 of 83
Limiting factor
Something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes
19 of 83
Ingestion
Taking of substances (e.g. food and drink) into the body through the mouth
20 of 83
Mechanical digestion
The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules
21 of 83
Chemical digestion
The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
22 of 83
Absorption
Movement of small soluble molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood
23 of 83
Assimilation
The movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell
24 of 83
Egestion
The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as feces through the anus
25 of 83
Mastication
The process of chewing food and mixing it with saliva to form a bolus
26 of 83
Transpiration
The loss of water vapor from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surface of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapor through the stomata
27 of 83
Translocation
The movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources to sinks
28 of 83
Pathogen
A disease causing organism
29 of 83
Transmissible disease
A disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one hols to another
30 of 83
Active immunity
A defense against a pathogen by antibody production in the body
31 of 83
Passive immunity
Short term defense against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual
32 of 83
Aerobic respiration
The chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
33 of 83
Anaerobic respiration
The chemical reaction in cells that don't require oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy
34 of 83
Deamination
The removal of nitrogen containing part of amino acid to form urea
35 of 83
Synapse
A junction between two neurons Sense organs
36 of 83
Sense organs
Groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli: light, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals
37 of 83
Hormone
A chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by blood which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs
38 of 83
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
39 of 83
Gravitropism
A response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from gravity
40 of 83
Phototropism
A response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from the direction from which light is coming
41 of 83
Drug
Any substance taken into the body which modifies or effect the chemical reactions in the body
42 of 83
Asexual reproduction
A process resulting in the production of genetically identical offsprings from one parent
43 of 83
Sexual reproduction
A process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form zygote and the production of offsprings that are genetically different form each other
44 of 83
Pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma
45 of 83
Self-pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant
46 of 83
Cross-pollination
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species
47 of 83
Sexually transmitted infection
An infection that is transmitted via body fluids through sexual contact
48 of 83
Inheritance
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
49 of 83
Chromosome
A thread like structure of DNA carrying genetic information in the form of genes
50 of 83
Gene
A length of DNA that codes for a specific protein
51 of 83
Allele
A version of a gene
52 of 83
Haploid nucleus
A nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes
53 of 83
Diploid nucleus
A nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes
54 of 83
Mitosis
Nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells
55 of 83
Meiosis
Reduction devision in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells
56 of 83
Genotype
The genetic make up of an organism in terms of the alleles present
57 of 83
Phenotype
The observable features of an organism
58 of 83
Homozygous
Having to identical allies of a particular gene
59 of 83
Heterozygous
Having to different alleles of a particular gene
60 of 83
Dominant
The allele that is expressed if it is present
61 of 83
Recessive
The allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
62 of 83
Sex-linked characteristic
A characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome and that this makes it more common in one sex than in the other
63 of 83
Variation
The difference between individuals of the same species
64 of 83
Mutation
Genetic change
65 of 83
Gene mutation
A change in the base sequence of DNA
66 of 83
Adaptive features
The inherited functional features of an organism that increase its fitness
67 of 83
Fitness
The probability of an organism surviving and reproducing in the environment in which it is found
68 of 83
Adaptation
The process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become suited to their environment over many generations
69 of 83
Food chain
Showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer
70 of 83
Trophic level
The position if an organism in a food chain, food web, pyramid of biomass or pyramid of numbers
71 of 83
Food web
A network of interconnected food chains
72 of 83
Producer
An organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis
73 of 83
Consumer
An organism that gets its energy by feeding on the other organisms
74 of 83
Herbivore
An animal that gets its energy by eating plants
75 of 83
Carnivore
An animal that gets its energy by eating other animals
76 of 83
Decomposer
An organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic material
77 of 83
Population
A group of organisms of one species, living in the same area, at the same time
78 of 83
Community
All of the populations of different species in an ecosystem
79 of 83
Ecosystem
A unit containing the community of organisms and their environment, interacting together.
80 of 83
Genetic engineering
Changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
81 of 83
Sustainable resource
One which is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment so that it does not run out
82 of 83
Sustainable development
Development providing for the needs of an increasing human population without harming the environment
83 of 83
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
Back
Respiration
Card 3
Front
The ability to detect or sense changes in the internal or external environment and make appropriate responses
Back
Card 4
Front
A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell size or cell number or both
Back
Card 5
Front
The processes that make more of the same kind
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
Similar Biology resources:
0.0 / 5
4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
4.0 / 5 based on 7 ratings
2.0 / 5 based on 4 ratings
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made