Honours Biology - Macromolecules 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyEnzymes and digestionIGCSEAll boards Created by: M1rthaCreated on: 15-12-20 21:14 What is the definition of a macromolecule? Large organic molecules (carbon-containing) that make up all living things. 1 of 25 Give four examples of macromolecules. carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids 2 of 25 What is the structure of a macromolecule? Polymers, made out of monomers. 3 of 25 Through what reaction does a monomer become a polymer? Dehydration reaction - the removal of a water molecule links the monomers. 4 of 25 What is the main function of a carbohydrate? Short-term energy storage 5 of 25 What does Hydrolysis do? Breaks big polymers into smaller monomers by adding water, which breaks bonds. 6 of 25 What is a monosaccharide? Give an example. A single sugar molecule, e.g. glucose, galactose, fructose. 7 of 25 What is a polysaccharide? Give an example. Larger sugar molecules e.g. Starch (how plants store sugar), glycogen (how animals store sugar), cellulose (structural support in plant cell walls) 8 of 25 What is the main function of lipids? energy storage (long-term) 9 of 25 Where are lipids found? fats oils phospholipids (in the cell membrane) steroids 10 of 25 What are lipids made of? Three long chains of carbon atoms (fatty acids) are attached to a glycerol molecule 11 of 25 When your body runs out of easy-to-access carbs, what does it break down next? Lipids. 12 of 25 What is the structure of a phospholipid? 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate Hydrophilic head = phosphate group Hydrophobic tail = fatty acids 13 of 25 What are proteins composed of? C, H, O, N, P, S 14 of 25 What is the protein monomer? Amino Acids 15 of 25 What is the protein polymer? Polypeptide - Amino acids linked together by a peptide bond 16 of 25 What is the primary structure of a protein? Amino Acid sequence 17 of 25 What is the secondary structure of a protein? Alpha helix or beta sheet. 18 of 25 What is the tertiary structure of a protein? Polypeptide chain is bent and folded into 3D structure. 19 of 25 What is the quaternary structure of a protein? 2 or more polypeptide chains bound together. 20 of 25 What determines the proteins function? The shape / structure. 21 of 25 What are nucleic acids? Informational molecules that store, transmit, and express our genetic information; contain the instructions for making proteins 22 of 25 What is the monomer of nucleic acid (a polymer) Nucleotides 23 of 25 What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA? Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine (Alara Thinks Christmas is Great) 24 of 25 Give two examples of Nucleic Acid DNA / RNA 25 of 25
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